An allergic reaction can manifest itself in a person not only with a skin rash, tearing or intense sneezing, but also with inflammation that affects & nbsp; vascular walls. Allergic vasculitis is just such a reaction of the body to external stimuli, when blood vessels in the skin and subcutaneous tissue are affected. There are a lot of variants of skin manifestations of allergic vasculitis, therefore many of its forms are distinguished and considered as separate diseases, and diagnosis presents certain difficulties due to the variety of forms of such a manifestation.

 Causes of manifestation of allergic vasculitis and its classification

Most often, allergic vasculitis occurs in response to exposure to infectious-toxic factors:

  • staphylococci and streptococci;
  • viral infections;
  • fungal infections;
  • Medications (antibiotics, sulfonamides, contraceptives, barbiturates);
  • chemical irritants (insecticides, refined petroleum products, household chemicals);
  • plant allergens.

Irritation of the vascular walls occurs, as a rule, against the background of the existence of chronic infectious foci in the body (tonsillitis, sinusitis, cystitis), frequently recurring infectious diseases (herpes, influenza, SARS), metabolic disorders (diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis), as well as liver diseases and problems with the cardiovascular system (varicose veins, arterial hypertension, chronic hepatitis).

The combination of irritants and a weakened body leads to the formation of circulating immune complexes in the body, they are deposited on the vascular walls, causing their irritation, damage and increased permeability. The more such immune complexes circulate in the blood, the more severe allergic vasculitis is.

Allergic vasculitis is classified based on the caliber of affected vessels:

  • superficial – affects capillaries, small cutaneous arteries and venules;
  • deep – affects the arteries and veins in the subcutaneous fatty tissue and the upper layer of the dermis.

Symptoms of allergic vasculitis

Allergic vasculitis has the following manifestations:

hemosiderosis – petechiae, spider veins, small yellow-brown spots on the legs, rash accompanied by itching;

hemorrhagic vasculitis – rashes in the form of erymatous and hemorrhagic spots;

nodular necrotizing vasculitis

– nodules and inflamed spots, turning into ulcers, accompanied by a deterioration in the general condition;

Ruther's allergic arteriolitis

– blisters, skin ulcers, papules and pustules, areas of necrosis, accompanied by inflammation of the joints, headaches, fever;

erythema nodosum

– painful subcutaneous lumps in the form of nodules, most often on the front side of the lower leg, may be accompanied by arthritis.  Diagnostics and principles of treatment of allergic vasculitis

Patients with allergic vasculitis often seek primary advice from a rheumatologist, as joint pain is common with this disease.  Allergic vasculitis should be diagnosed based on the history, clinical picture, age of the patient, histology of biopsy specimens.

In the treatment of allergic vasculitis, the leading role is played by antihistamines, desensitizing agents, as well as drugs that strengthen the vascular walls (ascorutin, aescusan). In severe cases, systemic corticosteroids and cytostatics are used. If a bacterial infection is attached, antibiotic therapy is prescribed.

Treatment of allergic vasculitis is effective with the use of ointments containing troxevasin, solcoseryl. For pain in the joints, anti-inflammatory drugs are indicated in the form of ointments, dressings, as well as ultraphonophoresis or magnetotherapy.

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