Болезнь холодных пальцев: как распознать синдром Рейно

Raynaud's syndrome is manifested by sharp attacks, in which the tips of the fingers on the hands, and sometimes on the legs, first become cold, numb and acquire an alabaster-white hue, then they turn blue, there is a feeling of burning and swelling, and then there is a sharp hyperemia of the skin of the extremities . Attacks can be short-lived, but over time & nbsp; time they become longer and more frequent.

Usually, vasospasms in Raynaud's syndrome are explained by diffuse pathology of the connective tissue, which develops in some systemic diseases. In the absence of an appropriate  treatment of Raynaud's syndrome, the prognosis may be poor.

Why Raynaud's syndrome develops and how to recognize it

Most often, Raynaud's syndrome develops against the background of scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, and diseases & nbsp; blood, vascular pathologies, some endocrine and neurological diseases. The essence of the manifestation of the syndrome is that vasospasms occur, arterial circulation in the area of ​​​​the feet and hands is sharply disturbed. Due to the spasm, the capillaries in the fingertips are completely emptied, and they turn pale. Retention of blood in the venules gives the skin a bluish tint, and in the reactive-hyperemic stage, the skin turns red.

Provoking factors for the development of Raynaud's syndrome can be hypothermia, emotional arousal, seizures are more common in smokers. Clinically, the disease is manifested by the fact that the skin consistently turns pale, then acquires a cyanotic hue, and then hyperemia develops. Raynaud's syndrome can manifest itself not only on the fingers and toes, but also on the tip of the nose, on the chin, on the ears. The development of numbness is gradual – first the face, then the hands, then the toes.

The danger of the frequent development of Raynaud's syndrome is that over time, trophic changes in tissues in the area of ​​​​the feet and hands can develop, areas of tissue necrosis appear, nails and phalanges of the fingers are deformed. The most severe complication may be gangrene of the extremities.

How to treat Raynaud's syndrome and what determines the prognosis of the disease

First of all, in order to exclude the manifestations of Raynaud's syndrome, it is necessary to identify and begin treatment of the underlying disease that caused this syndrome. Then you should exclude provoking factors that can cause vasospasm – such as smoking, workplace vibration factor, hypothermia.

Raynaud's syndrome is treated with calcium antagonists (nifedipine), selective calcium channel blockers (verapamil), if necessary, ACE inhibitors, antiplatelet drugs and HS2-serotonin receptor blockers are prescribed.

If drug therapy fails or Raynaud's syndrome progresses, this may be an indication for sympathectomy.

Urgent measures in case of developed vasospasm should be warming the extremities, hot drinks, soft massage with a woolen cloth. If the attack is prolonged, injections of antispasmodics are used.

Prognosis for Raynaud's syndrome depends on the progression of the underlying disease. There are cases when the seizures spontaneously stopped after the patient quit smoking, changed his profession, moved to another climatic zone, and got out of a situation of constant stress.

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