The number of patients with acquired hypermelanoses is increasing every year. Experts attribute this phenomenon to an increase in the number of adverse factors that are capable of provoking the appearance of hyperpigmentation.  This is not only an active sun, but also a number of cosmetic, medicinal, chemical agents, metabolic disorders in the body, parasitic and infectious diseases, and other diseases of internal organs. As a rule, modern hardware techniques allow, although not quickly, but quite effectively to deal with hyperpigmentation, read about some of them on estet-portal.com.

Why hyperpigmentation develops and how to diagnose it

Increased melanoma formation and appearance of hyperpigmentation – if this process is not congenital, but secondary, acquired – associated with exposure to various physical, chemical, toxic factors.

Hypermelanosis can develop both as a post-inflammatory, post-infectious reaction of the body, and as a result of hormonal disorders in the body.

The most common manifestations of hyperpigmentation are melasma and chloasma.

Chloasma appears as dark, pigmented patches ranging from yellowish to dark brown. The spots have irregular outlines and different sizes, sometimes they can merge into large foci. Most often spots of chloasma appear on the face – cover the temples, forehead, cheeks, sometimes even show through on the eyelids. Most often, hyperpigmentation in the form of chloasma is associated with hormonal fluctuations in the body – spots often appear during pregnancy, in the perimenopausal period, with certain gynecological diseases, sometimes while taking oral contraceptives, and may spontaneously disappear.

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Hyperpigmentation in the form of melasma is most often provoked by solar radiation. It is also localized mainly on the face, and people with dark skin, especially women, suffer from this hyperpigmentation more often than others. This type of hyperpigmentation is difficult to treat, and even after the spots have disappeared, continued observation of the patient is required.

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Basic approaches to the treatment of hyperpigmentation spots

The fight against hyperpigmentation should begin with the elimination of the cause that provoked hypermelanosis. So, if possible, you should stop taking contraceptives and other drugs that cause hyperpigmentation. In addition, the following rules must be observed:

  • avoid products, cosmetics, perfumes, food additives that have a photosensitizing effect;
  • apply broad-spectrum sunscreen all year round;
  • avoid overdrying of the skin.

Any procedures involving the use of retinoids, hydroxy acids, should be carried out very carefully so as not to provoke an increase in hyperpigmentation.

To combat hyperpigmentation, an individual program is being developed based on the complete collected history of the patient and the clarified causes of the manifestation of age spots. The maximum effect can be achieved by an integrated approach, which includes:

  • exfoliating treatments (chemical peels, microdermabrasion, laser peels);
  • use of melanogenesis inhibitors (kojic acid, azelaic acid),
  • topical corticosteroids (if hyperpigmentation is associated with an inflammatory process in the skin).

If hyperpigmentation is localized in the dermis, the best option to combat it would be & nbsp; fractional rejuvenation using an erbium laser. With a mixed dermal-epidermal type of hyperpigmentation, fractional exposure to an erbium laser should be combined with photorejuvenation with IPL devices and either with superficial peeling carried out  the same erbium laser.

The patient should be aware that the effect of hyperpigmentation treatment is achieved slowly, it is not always possible to completely get rid of spots. But even when a stable remission is achieved, the spots may reappear – due to hormonal fluctuations in the body or exposure to the sun on the skin.

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