Blood supply – it is the lifeblood of any organ. Skin is also no exception. Moreover, regardless of the level of action of the procedure, its mechanism and effect, the characteristics of cosmetic and dermatological products, without adequate blood supply, the effectiveness of any activities of a cosmetologist can be very low. From stimulation of collagen/elastic synthesis to skin recovery after peeling ˗ all these procedures require full blood supply to the skin and timely delivery of nourishing and "building" substances.
Read in the article on estet-portal.com what features exist in the microcirculatory bed of the skin and what is important for the doctor to consider before performing the procedures.
- Anatomical and age-related features of skin blood supply
- External manifestations of circulatory disorders of the skin
- Skin blood supply and hormonal background
Anatomical and age-related features of skin blood supply
Recently, the morphology of the microvasculature of the skin at the ultrastructural level has received more and more attention.
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The hemocirculatory bed of the skin network has its own organ specificity and at the same time is an integral part of the cardiovascular system. This statement can explain the unity of local and general mechanisms that ensure the adaptation of microcirculation, in conditions of adequate blood supply to the skin and the existence of the body as a whole.
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To explain the pathological phenomena in various parts of the microcirculatory bed of the skin it is necessary to study the physiological and compensatory mechanisms of microcirculation. The thickness of the skin is directly dependent on the state of microcirculation, which explains its decrease in degenerative processes associated with violations of the vascular system of the skin.
External manifestations of circulatory disorders of the skin
Studies in recent years have shown that the intensity of epidermocyte proliferation can be equivalent to the intensity of desquamation of horny cells.
The rate of epidermocyte exfoliation directly depends on the intensity of blood supply to the skin at the microcirculatory level, which ensures the process of skin renewal.
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It can be assumed that in degenerative/age-related conditions, the intensity of epidermocyte reproduction will change, but the rate of development of these changes has not yet been studied. Recently, it has been proven that the regional features of perfusion of skin vessels largely determine the local features of the color of the skin, which depends on the state of microcirculation.
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According to reflectometry, paretic expansion of microvessels, namely venules, a relative and absolute decrease in the number of capillary loops, explains darker and redder skin color in elderly patients compared to young people.
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Also, it is important to note that the blood supply to the skin greatly influences the degree of skin hydration. The general features of skin microcirculation are widely covered in modern literature, however, local regulatory mechanisms and their relationship with the quantitative characteristics of the functional parameters of the skin are given only in some works. In addition, the strength of the influence of the hormonal background on the state of blood supply to the skin has not been determined.
Skin blood supply and hormonal background
At the moment, the influence of sex hormones on the state of skin microcirculation is beyond doubt. Estrogens are able to influence the state of the endothelium and change the diameter of the vessels of the microvasculature, leading to endothelium-independent vasodilation. Estrogens prevent dry skin and its age-related atrophy.
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In menopausal women, the blood flow in the skin decreases, which is explained by the process of changing not only the state of the vessels, but also the viscoelastic properties of the skin in the menopause and postmenopausal period. As you know, wrinkles are a marker of skin aging and are largely associated with microcirculation disorders.
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The process of hemomicrocirculation of the skin varies during the menstrual cycle. The least blood flow is recorded in the luteal phase, and the maximum indicators of skin hemoperfusion are noted in the preovulatory phase. Therefore, a hypersensitivity reaction or significant facial flushing/paretic vasodilation in response to the procedure should be expected not during menstruation, but in the follicular stage of the cycle. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that procedures that are aimed at restoring the skin, collagen / elastin synthesis, will be more effective in the phase of follicle development and the growth of estrogen levels in the woman's body.
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Consequently, procedures aimed at improving the complexion, carrying out medium and deep peels (which is directly related to the stimulation of the blood supply to the skin), will be more effective in the second phase of the cycle and will cause the least manifestations of skin hypersensitivity reactions.
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Thus, the study of skin microcirculation, assessment of the skin condition and appointment of a list of procedures, should be carried out depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle, and in aged patients – carry out additional procedures aimed at stimulating blood supply to the skin, and, if possible, recommend hormone replacement therapy in order not only to maintain the optimal tone of the microcirculatory bed, but also to slow down age-related processes in the skin.
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