In the previous article, we considered what allergic conjunctivitis is, what are its main forms and specific manifestations. If you suspect allergic conjunctivitis, you should contact an allergist and an ophthalmologist to treat the pathological process. The treatment of allergic conjunctivitis is complex and consists in the use of pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy after the cessation of contact with the allergen. What is the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, read more on estet-portal.com.

General aspects of the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis must be treated before exposure to the allergen. – significant plants in another climatic area, exclusion from the diet of allergenic foods. In the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, it is important to recommend the wearing of sunglasses, which will act as a mechanical protection, preventing pollen from entering the conjunctiva. When establishing the dosage form of allergic conjunctivitis, it is necessary to recommend to abandon the further use of drugs that have irritating properties.

Drug treatment of allergic conjunctivitis consists of the following drugs:

  • antihistamines;
  • topical antihistamines;
  • cromons;
  • topical glucocorticosteroids;
  • decongestants;
  • allergen-specific immunotherapy.
Antihistamines in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis

Antihistamines are used to treat allergic conjunctivitis, since it is the effects of histamine that lead to the development of clinical symptoms. Second-generation antihistamines are currently recommended because they are more effective and do not have the same side effects as 1st-generation antihistamines.

2nd generation antihistamines act selectively, quickly and effectively without affecting cognitive and psychomotor functions. This drug does not develop addiction.

With local damage to the conjunctiva, the appointment of local antihistamines is justified, notes estet-portal.com The use of such drugs can cause irritation in the eyes. If necessary, local antihistamines are used in combination with other ophthalmic agents.

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Effectiveness of different drugs in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis

Glucocorticosteroids are one of the most effective drugs in the treatment of allergic diseases. Their effectiveness is due to the induction of eosinophil apoptosis. A meta-analysis confirms the high efficacy of topical intranasal corticosteroids in allergic rhinitis and concomitant reflex conjunctivitis. In more severe cases, topical corticosteroids in the form of eye drops are required for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.

Cromones – preparations of disodium salt, cromoglycic acid – sodium cromoglycate and nedocromil sodium.  For the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis and

rhinitis, these drugs are used topically in the form of eye drops and nasal sprays.  It is assumed that the drugs block the calcium channels of the mast cell membrane, inhibit phosphodiesterase and oxidative phosphorylation. Cromones inhibit the activity of neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and macrophages, reduce the sensitivity of afferent nerves. In the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, the membrane-stabilizing drug ketotifen in the form of eye drops is effective.

Decongestants. Local vasoconstrictors cause short-term vasoconstriction, a decrease in their permeability, and a decrease in hyperemia.

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When prescribing vasoconstrictors, there is a phenomenon of withdrawal, which consists in reactive injection of conjunctival vessels, inflammation and dryness after cessation of therapy.

Decongestants are not prescribed for the treatment of severe allergic conjunctivitis. In other cases, these drugs are prescribed for very short lines, as they cause many side effects.

Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy – treatment with increasing concentrations and doses of the allergen. This method of treating allergic conjunctivitis has a number of advantages over other methods, since it does not affect the symptoms of the disease, but the body's response to allergens. At the same time, there is an influence on the entire mechanism of pathogenesis.

Thus, the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis is complex and is selected individually for each patient, based on the severity of the disease and clinical manifestations.

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