Tocopherol (Vitamin E) is a powerful antioxidant. Although there has long been interest in the effects of vitamin E on human health, analysis of the relationship between blood levels of alpha-tocopherol and long-term mortality has not been performed.
Vitamin E − an important fat-soluble vitamin, includes 8 structurally similar compounds, but the predominant form in the human body is alpha-tocopherol, which humans get from:
- vegetable oils;
- some vegetables and fruits;
- whole grains;
- nuts (e.g. almonds);
- seeds (e.g. sunflower).
Find out in the article on estet-portal.com about the role of vitamin E in the body and how tocopherol levels are associated with life expectancy.
Vitamin E − powerful antioxidant
As a powerful antioxidant, tocopherol can act as a scavenger of peroxide radicals and reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels by slowing down lipid peroxidation.
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In addition to its antioxidant properties, vitamin E has also shown other important functions, in particular:
- increased anti-inflammatory activity;
- regulation of gene expression;
- improvement of the immune response;
- inhibition of cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis.
A recent meta-analysis of 6 studies suggests that high concentrations of alpha-tocopherol are associated with a reduction in overall mortality.
Scientists from America and Finland decided to conduct a study the purpose of which − assess the relationship between blood levels of alpha-tocopherol and overall or causal specific mortalityand.
Prevalence of vitamin E deficiency
Based on the antioxidant and other beneficial biological properties of tocopherol, scientists have hypothesized that men with high serum tocopherol levels have low overall mortality, including deaths from:
- CVD;
- stroke;
- oncological diseases;
- respiratory diseases;
- diabetes;
- injuries / accidents;
- other reasons in the remote period.
Controlled surveillance ATBC (Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention − Alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene in cancer prevention), which involved 29,092 males sex between the ages of 50 and 69, conducted in Finland.
All participants were smokers and smoked ≥5 cigarettes daily.
During the first of two visits, questionnaires were used to collect information about demographics, behavioral characteristics and lifestyle, as well as indicators such as age, smoking, educational level, physical activity, family history (including history of cardiovascular disease and diabetes) and use of vitamin supplements.
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Participants were asked to complete a nutrition questionnaire that collected information on portion sizes and frequency of consumption of 203 different foods and 73 mixed meals.
All participants were measured:
- alpha-tocopherol;
- retinol;
- beta-carotene;
- total cholesterol;
- high-density polyproteins (HDL) in the blood.
During the second visit, participants were randomized into four groups:
- 1st − vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol acetate 50 mg/day);
- 2nd − beta-carotene (20 mg/day);
- 3rd − both additives;
- 4th − placebo.
in serum was measured at baseline and during the 30-year follow-up. Mean serum alpha-tocopherol concentration at baseline was 11.9
mg/L. The level of alpha-tocopherol in the blood is inversely related to the level of HDL in the blood and alcohol consumption and is directly proportional to − between the consumption of fruits and vegetables, the level of beta-carotene and total cholesterol in the blood.
Tocopherol test results
After adjusting for the main
risk factors, the researchers found that men with high levels of alpha-tocopherol in their blood serum had significantly lower overall mortality, as well as mortality from cardiovascular diseases, from pathologies of the heart, stroke, cancer, respiratory and other causes. Also, a high level of alpha-tocopherol in the blood
prevents mortalityin the long term.
Researchers found that men with low blood levels of alpha-tocopherol had a high overall mortality rate, while participants without a family history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus − the lowest mortality in the group of people with high levels of alpha-tocopherol in the blood.
Overall and causal mortality increased when
serum alpha-tocopherolconcentrations were < 9.3 mg/l. With an increase in the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in the blood serum > At 13 mg/l, overall and
cause-specific mortalitywas lower and relatively stable, and stroke deaths were even rarer.
Clinical studies on the effectiveness of intermittent fasting Thus, the results of a large
prospective cohort studywith a follow-up period of more than 30 years strongly suggest that men with high levels of vitamin E (i.e. blood alpha-tocopherol ) there is a significantly lower overall mortality, as well as mortality from cardiovascular diseases, heart disease, stroke, cancer and respiratory diseases.
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