The female breast is an organ of femininity and female beauty, intended for the woman to carry out her natural “plan” - to feed her children. But even in such an organ, neoplasms can form. They can be either benign or malignant. Fibroadenoma is a common benign neoplasm of the breast. Breast fibroadenoma can appear at any age of a woman, but more often it occurs at the age of 20-35 years. Why do fibroadenomas grow in gland tissue? Read our article on how to treat and prevent breast fibroadenoma.

Fibroadenoma of the mammary gland. Causes of changes in the gland

The reason for the formation of breast fibroadenoma are hormonal disorders. Throughout a woman's life, hormonal changes occur in her body, which is natural and normal. But with an increased content of hormones or their deficiency at some stage, the breast tissue begins to react immediately. And all because the breast tissue is the most sensitive to changes in hormones. So, with an increase in estrogens and / or a decrease in progesterone, the tissue undergoes hyperplasia and dysplasia.

Such hormonal disorders in women are observed in the presence of diseases of the thyroid gland, pituitary gland, ovaries, adrenal glands, liver pathology, diabetes mellitus, obesity and the presence of an irregular menstrual cycle.

It has been found that the use of hormonal contraceptives in girls under 23 years of age increases the risk of breast fibroadenoma.

Breast fibroadenoma during pregnancy deserves special attention. Changes in the hormonal background during pregnancy affect the already existing fibroadenoma and provoke its rapid growth. This can interfere with normal breastfeeding. Therefore, before planning a pregnancy, women need to check their breasts for the presence of breast fibroadenoma and remove it if it is detected. If there were no changes in the glands before pregnancy, the risk of it also exists. In this case, it is inappropriate to act. All issues should be resolved after lactation is completed.

Types and manifestations of breast fibroadenoma

As a rule, fibroadenoma does not have any clinical symptoms and manifestations. It can be detected only by feeling the chest and detecting a small dense “ball”, the size of which can vary from a few millimeters to several centimeters. The ball has clear boundaries and can be found both in one breast and in both. Breast fibroadenomas may increase before menstruation, then decrease again. Painful sensations can only be observed with phyllodes fibroadenoma of the breast.

Types of fibroadenomas:

  • Phylloid. This fibroadenoma grows very slowly and can go unnoticed for years. Then it can grow rapidly. This may cause discharge from the nipples. This is the only type of fibroadenoma that can cause pain. Due to the large size of the fibroadenoma, the skin on the chest may become bluish.
  • Intracanalicular. Such a fibroadenoma of the mammary gland is characterized by a loose texture and a lobed structure. There are no clear boundaries of fibroadenoma.
  • Pericanalicular. With this fibroadenoma, there is an overgrowth of connective tissue cells in the gland. In this case, a tumor of a dense consistency localized from other tissues is formed, where calcium salts can sometimes be deposited (in elderly women). Then the diagnosis may sound like a calcified breast fibroadenoma.

The degeneration of breast fibroadenoma into a malignant tumor is almost impossible. The risk of malignancy exists in women with phyllodes fibroadenoma of the gland. At the same time, surgeons claim that after the removal of a fibroadenoma and a biopsy, its malignant nature was sometimes revealed. This suggests that the nature of fibroadenomas has not been fully understood, and perhaps in the future there will be new information about the causes and treatment of breast fibroadenomas.

Diagnosis and treatment of breast fibroadenoma. Fibroadenoma removal

Diagnosis is made on the basis of examination, palpation, history taking, general and biochemical blood tests, sex hormone levels, mammography, ultrasound of the mammary glands, biopsy and cytological examination of neoplasm tissues.

Treatment of fibroadenomas, according to experts, today does not require surgical intervention. Exceptions are phyllodes fibroadenomas, which should only be removed surgically if they are larger than 3 cm or if they are growing rapidly. Also, surgery may be required when a noticeable cosmetic and aesthetic defect of the breast appears. It is also recommended to remove fibroadenoma before a planned pregnancy for a lesser likelihood of lactation disorders. When pregnancy occurs, the operation is not performed.

Fibroadenoma is removed using two methods:

Lumpectomy (resection of an adenoma with the capture of healthy tissues) is performed if a malignant neoplasm is suspected;

nucleation (removal of fibroadenoma only).

vsegda-li-fibroadenoma-molochnykh-zhelez-trebuet-operativnogo-vmeshatelstvaAfter the operation, a histological examination of the isolated material is performed. Unfortunately, the removal of a fibroadenoma does not guarantee that the fibroadenoma will not reappear, because the hormones may still be out of order.

In all other cases of detection of breast fibroadenoma, it is recommended to be registered. To prevent the occurrence of breast fibroadenoma, women are advised to identify and correct hormonal disorders in time, lose weight, and also include vitamin E and iodine in the diet. For early detection of fibroadenoma, it is worth feeling the chest every month for the presence of rounded hardenings. This will help to identify the process in time, which means it will be easier to deal with it.

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