Urgent conditions often occur in urological practice. Such diseases of the urinary system include all pathologies that, in the absence of adequate medical care, can lead to serious consequences, including death. One of these diseases is renal infarction, which occurs against the background of renal artery occlusion and is manifested by the development of necrotic processes in the tissues of the kidney. This condition is very dangerous, and requires timely diagnostic measures. The choice of treatment for kidney infarction depends primarily on the severity of the pathology.
Effective methods of treatment of kidney infarction
Since kidney infarction is a rather rare urological pathology that has nonspecific symptoms and dangerous consequences, timely detection and treatment of kidney infarction directly determines the prognosis for the patient. Often, as a result of a kidney infarction, nephrosclerosis and a violation of all kidney functions develop. Since in the initial stages of the disease there may be no complaints from the patient, a detailed history taking and identification of antecedent factors that could provoke such a pathology are extremely important for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Treatment of kidney infarction:
- laboratory and instrumental methods for diagnosing kidney infarction;
- conservative treatment of renal infarction;
- surgical treatment of kidney infarction.
Laboratory and instrumental methods for diagnosing kidney infarction
Diagnosis of kidney infarction is based on data from laboratory and instrumental research methods, which include:
- general urinalysis - there is proteinuria and hematuria of varying severity;
- complete blood count - moderate leukocytosis;
- blood chemistry - increased levels of C-reactive protein and LDH in serum and urine;
- ultrasound examination of the kidneys with dopplerography - allows you to assess the condition of the kidneys and renal arteries;
- CT and MRI with contrast agent injection - allows to identify a wedge-shaped area of the renal parenchyma that does not accumulate a contrast agent;
- aniography – allows to detect occlusion of renal vessels.
Conservative treatment of renal infarction
Drug treatment of kidney infarction is acceptable with minor damage to the kidney tissue. Painkillers are prescribed to relieve pain. In this case, in the event of intense ischemic pain, narcotic analgesics are prescribed. Hemostatic therapy is performed to eliminate hematuria. If a little time has passed since the moment of occlusion and there is no hematuria, thrombolytics are prescribed to restore kidney function. Direct anticoagulants are prescribed to correct disorders of the blood coagulation system.
Surgical treatment of renal infarction
In the absence of the effect of conservative methods of therapy, as well as in the severe course of the disease and a large amount of necrotic lesions, the only method of treating kidney infarction is surgery. If a little time has passed since the moment of occlusion of the renal artery, blood flow can be restored by surgical removal of a thrombus or embolus. If necessary, angioplasty is performed in the future. If the patient has profuse hematuria that does not stop after the use of medications, as well as total kidney infarction and arterial hypertension that is difficult to correct, nephrectomy is an adequate method of treatment. Subsequently, such patients should take antiplatelet agents for a long time.
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