Causes and mechanism of development of osteomyelitis of the jaw

Carious lesions of the teeth, traumatic damage to the tissues of the oral cavity can, if left untreated, provoke the development of inflammation in the bone tissue. In this case, the jaw bones are affected with the development of osteomyelitis of the jaw. Inflammatory processes in the bone tissue are always accompanied by a vivid clinical picture. Osteomyelitis often leads to bone necrosis. In the projection of the face, osteomyelitis often develops in the jaws, which is associated with the penetration of infection from the affected teeth. How osteomyelitis of the jaw develops, read on estet-portal.com.

What is the mechanism of development of osteomyelitis of the jaw?

The lower jaw is more commonly affected by osteomyelitis due to its looser structure and more pronounced vascular network.

If the process develops in the upper jaw, then in a short period of time the process spreads beyond the limits of the bone tissue, without provoking its damage.

Osteomyelitis of the lower jaw is always accompanied by the development of an inflammatory process inside the bone, which is facilitated by dense and compact bone tissue.

Necrotizing osteomyelitis of the jaw has 5 stages. The first three stages are accompanied by acute clinical symptoms, in the next two the process has a chronic course.

Stages of development of necrotizing osteomyelitis of the jaw:

• stage of plethora;
• period of purulent cell infiltration;
• period of thrombus formation in the center of the focus;
• due to the formation of blood clots, the death of bone cells occurs;
• the process of separating dead cells from the living environment.

 

What groups is osteomyelitis of the jaw divided into?

Depending on the location of osteomyelitis of the jaw, 4 groups of necrotizing osteomyelitis are distinguished:

• When the process is localized on the alveolar segment of the extracted tooth, the process is called alveolitis. The duration of alveolitis is up to several weeks, since the process develops on a small part of thin bone tissue, which is localized close to the surface.
• When the process is localized on the alveolar process, which corresponds to two or three teeth, the disease is called osteomyelitis of the alveolar process. Osteomyelitis of the jaw in this area lasts for months.
• When the process spreads to several teeth and to the body of the lower jaw or to the upper jaw, such a process lasts up to a year.
• If osteomyelitis of the jaw covers the entire area of ​​the chin, alveolar process or upper jaw along with the branch, this indicates the development of diffuse osteomyelitis of the jaws. This pathology lasts for more than a year.

The doctor should warn the patient about the long duration of treatment. Treatment of osteomyelitis of the jaw, which is extended to the alveolar process, is performed on an outpatient basis. More common osteomyelitis of the jaw is treated in a hospital setting.