Convulsive syndrome. What to do with seizures?

When something goes wrong in the body, the systems begin to react. This reaction manifests itself in different ways. Some disorders in homeostasis or in brain structures are manifested by the development of seizures.

Convulsions – these are involuntary contractions of skeletal muscles that appear more often against the background of loss of consciousness. There are many types of seizures. There are also many reasons that lead to seizures. Let's analyze the main types of seizures and the causes that lead to them.

Types of seizures. Manifestations of convulsive syndrome

Convulsions in manifestation are divided into 2 types:

• Local – contraction of only one muscle. This type of cramp was felt by every person in the calf muscle or toe. This type of seizure is typical for adults.
• Generalized – the process of contraction of all skeletal muscles, which appears mainly in childhood, up to five years.

Causes of seizures:

1. Hypoxic convulsions – appear against the background of insufficient oxygen supply to the tissues, may be with heart failure and circulatory disorders. In newborns, hypoxic convulsive syndrome appears against the background of hypoxic – ischemic encephalopathy.
2. Metabolic disorders – violation of the water – electrolyte balance and low blood glucose levels can cause seizures.
3. Infectious process – neurotoxicosis, meningoencephalitis. In an infectious process, an increase in body temperature leads to a loss of fluid in the body. If it is not replenished – a person may have a convulsive syndrome.
4. Structural spasms – appear against the background of organic pathologies of brain structures after craniocerebral injuries, against the background of tumors and anomalies in the development of the central nervous system.
5. Epileptic convulsions.

Convulsive syndrome in adults often appears on the background of chronic diseases (epilepsy, diabetes mellitus). But in children, seizures are much more common and cause more excitement, especially & nbsp; parents.

Clinical types of seizures. Convulsions in children

Febrile seizures are the most common in children. They appear against the background of an increase in temperature, with dehydration of the body. Often occur with loss of consciousness. The duration of such convulsions is not more than a minute.

When developing such seizures in children, to prevent the following, it is necessary to control fluid reserves. It is necessary to force the child to drink, even if he does not want to. If it is impossible to drink (unconsciousness), intravenous injections are performed.

When a child's body temperature rises, it is necessary to bring it down by physical methods – wipe with warm water to increase heat transfer and give more to drink. The normal amount of liquid consumed should be 30 ml per kilogram of body weight. With an increase in body temperature by one degree – 10 ml increases the volume.

Wrong behavior of parents provokes the development of febrile convulsions in children. When sick, a child does not always feel thirsty, but it is very important to monitor the water balance. It is impossible to lower the temperature with drugs, as this is a protective reaction of the body, which is aimed at fighting the infection. When the temperature drops, the body's ability to fight decreases, and the recovery time is delayed.

Convulsions in meningitis and encephalitis – appear against the background of increased excitability of the cerebral cortex against the background of inflammatory processes. Such convulsions in children can be clonic in nature, in which muscle contraction is quickly replaced by relaxation. Tonic convulsions develop with prolonged muscle contraction.

Convulsions in children with hypoglycemia appear when there is a malnutrition, against the background of diabetes mellitus, disorders in the functioning of the pineal gland, pituitary gland and adrenal glands. Such convulsions begin with the appearance of pallor of the skin, a feeling of anxiety, sweating.

Development of a convulsive syndrome. How to help your neighbor?

For convulsive syndrome, the following actions are necessary:

• Relax the spasmodic muscle. So, with a cramp in the calf muscle, you need to stand on your heels and bend your foot so that the calf muscle is completely relaxed.
• After the convulsive syndrome is over, you need to turn your head to one side.
• When a generalized seizure develops, a person who is falling from convulsions must be picked up so that a serious bruise does not occur. During convulsions, place a pillow under your head.
• When breathing stops during a convulsive syndrome, after the end of convulsions, it is necessary to stimulate breathing as follows – splash in the face with cold water, pat on the cheeks, let it breathe with a cotton swab with a solution of ammonia, but at a distance of no closer than 10 cm.
• The patient's limbs must not be restrained. It won't help stop the seizures, but it can harm the person.
• It is not recommended to place any objects in the mouth of a person in convulsions, as their presence can lead to traumatization of the oral cavity and teeth.

 The development of a generalized seizure is a reason to call emergency care. After that, it is advisable to fully examine the person. After all, a convulsive syndrome may indicate the presence of a serious pathology of the brain.