Thyrotoxicosis is a condition that can accompany diffuse toxic goiter, and can also develop with autoimmune thyroiditis. Thyrotoxicosis characterizes the hyperfunction of the thyroid gland. Most often, these pathologies occur in women at a young age. Separately, each manifestation of thyrotoxicosis can be associated with another comorbidity. However, it is important to identify a set of nonspecific symptoms that characterize the state of thyrotoxicosis, because this condition requires immediate treatment. Find out the symptoms and treatment of thyrotoxicosis in our article.
What symptoms indicate the need for treatment of thyrotoxicosis
Thyrotoxicosis is manifested by a combination of symptoms, the identification of which should be the reason for contacting a doctor.
Main symptoms of thyrotoxicosis:
- sweating;
- flushing of the face;
- tachycardia;
- oligomenorrhea or dysmenorrhea;
- local edema (pretibial myxedema);
- unreasonable weight loss;
- warm wet palms;
- palpable lymph nodes;
- muscle weakness;
- breast enlargement;
- increased appetite;
- limb tremor;
- emotional instability, tearfulness, excitability of the nervous system, sleep disturbance.
Thyrotoxicosis is treated with different methods and preparations. Find out the advantages and disadvantages of thyrotoxicosis treatments.
Methods of treatment of thyrotoxicosis. Criteria for the effectiveness of treatment
Treatment of diffuse toxic goiter can be medical, surgical, using a radioactive isotope. Drug treatment of goiter is carried out in any case. It can be both an independent method of treatment, and precede the surgical method of treatment or radioisotope.
Drug treatment of thyrotoxicosis consists in the use of drugs that inhibit the activity of the thyroid gland. Derivatives of imidazoles – carbimizole and thiouracil groups – propylthiouracil.
These drugs block the formation of organic iodine, the condensation of iodotyrosines into triiodothyronine and thyroxine. How drugs for the treatment of thyrotoxicosis work, knows estet-portal.com. When ingested, Mercazolil (Carbimizole) is rapidly adsorbed and accumulates in the gland. The concentration of the drug in the thyroid gland is 10 times higher than in the blood plasma. The recommended initial dose of the drug – 30 mg per day divided into 2 doses.
The drug should be taken until stable euthyroidism is achieved. Then the patient is examined every month, the concentration of hormones in the blood is checked, after which, with a positive effect, the dose of the drug is reduced by 30-50%. Prescribing a maintenance dose is advisable when compensating the process.
The following indicators testify to the compensation of the process and the effectiveness of the treatment of thyrotoxicosis:
- absence of clinical manifestations of the disease;
- reduction in the size of the thyroid gland;
- achievement of maximum levels of thyroxine, thyrotropin, triiodothyronine;
- decrease in blood levels of antithyroid antibodies.
What are the disadvantages in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis with iodides
If the patient cannot tolerate Mercazolil, other antithyroid drugs are prescribed. These drugs can be iodides, which in large doses block the accumulation of iodine by the thyroid gland, block peroxidase and the organization of inorganic iodine, impede the release of thyroid hormones into the blood, and also block thyrotropin receptors.
But this treatment of thyrotoxicosis has its drawbacks. After 2 weeks, the thyroid gland adapts to the blocking action of iodides (the "slip phenomenon"), so the treatment of thyrotoxicosis with iodides cannot be prolonged. Often iodides are used for preoperative preparation of patients. Also, treatment with iodides can be complicated by the development of gastritis, conjunctivitis, bronchitis, since iodine has an irritating effect on the organs through which it is excreted.
How is the symptomatic treatment of thyrotoxicosis
Together with antithyroid drugs, it is advisable to prescribe beta-blockers, which quickly stop the symptoms of excess catecholamines – irritability, tachycardia, tremor, anxiety. At the same time, non-selective beta – blockers have a peripheral effect, they block the conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine. This contributes to an increase in its inactive form & nbsp; -reversible triiodothyronine.
Complex treatment of thyrotoxicosis also includes glucocorticosteroids. They are especially necessary for patients with relative adrenal insufficiency.
Treatment of endocrine ophthalmopathy is carried out in parallel with the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. However, when the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis are eliminated, in most cases, ophthalmopathy disappears on its own.
It is important to monitor the condition of patients with diffuse toxic goiter and autoimmune thyroiditis. To do this, you need to teach patients to regularly measure pressure, pulse, temperature and be more attentive to themselves. At the first warning signs of thyrotoxicosis, it is important to consult a specialist to treat thyrotoxicosis and achieve a state of euthyroidism.
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