What hormonal and metabolic pathologies lead to the development of acne?

Acne (acne) − one of the most common human dermatoses, as well as a significant medical and social problem.

The disease occupies a leading place in the structure of cosmetic pathology and is a common reason for patients to visit a dermatologist. Usually the disease begins in adolescence, at 12-14 years old in girls and at 14-16 years old in boys, during puberty with a significant increase in the pool of steroid hormones.

Find out in the article on estet-portal.com what are the main hormonal and metabolic factors that can aggravate or cause the development of acne.

• Relevance of studying the causes of acne development
• Hormonal Causes of Acne
• Metabolic Causes of AcneNone

Relevance of studying the causes of acne

In most cases, acne regresses at 18-22 years of age. In some patients, dermatosis becomes chronic and continues until the age of 30-40.

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Acne is diagnosed in 54% of women over 18 years old, 82% of patients have a persistent course of acne, which decreases after the age of 44 years. The chronic course of acne, damage to visible areas of the skin significantly worsen the quality of life of patients, affect their psychological state and contribute to the development of depressive conditions.

In view of the above, the study of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the occurrence and causes of the development of acne is an urgent problem of dermatology and cosmetology.

Acne: Causes, Triggers and Treatment Protocol

The main links in the pathogenesis of acne are:

• increased sebum production;
• pathological desquamation of the epithelium of sebaceous follicles;
• reproduction of Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes);
• development of inflammatory processes in the skin.

Hormonal causes of acne

The skin is the organ of steroid metabolism and the object of action of steroid hormones, as well as their metabolic products. Physiologically, steroids enhance the activity of biological processes in the epidermis, hair follicles and sebaceous glands.

The leading role in these processes is played by testosterone and the active product of its metabolism − dihydrotestosterone, the biosynthesis of which in acne increases 20-30 times.

Along with sex steroids, adrenal steroid hormones.

The onset and progression of acne in women can be caused not only by an excess of steroid hormones, but also by dysfunction in keratocytes and sebocytes. At the same time, there is an increase in the activity of androgen and progestin metabolism enzymes, as well as increased sensitivity of receptors to androgens.

In the pathogenesis of acne, there is also the influence of Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes). Bacteria are able to suppress protective immune reactions, as a result of which inflammatory processes in the woman's body increase.

The main causes of acne and the protocol for effective acne treatment

Hyperandrogenism in women can be caused not only by an excess of androgens and their derivatives, but also by other hormonal disorders that cause relative hyperandrogenism syndrome. These disordersprimarily include hyperprolactinemia syndrome.

Metabolic causes of acne

Impaired metabolism of lipids and steroid hormones is observed in patients with hypothyroidism, as a result of which a state of relative hyperandrogenism may occur.

Hyperandrogenism can also be caused by hyperinsulinemia, since insulin affects the globulin that binds sex hormones. A decrease in the concentration of globulins, which are synthesized in the liver and bind sex hormones, leads to an increase in the level of free testosterone and can be a direct cause of the development of acne.

65% of testosterone circulating in the blood binds to globulins, 33% binds to albumins, and 2% remains in the active unbound form. An important pathogenetic link of hyperandrogenism is violation of the attachment of androgens by globulin, which binds sex hormones.

Determination of the nature of hormonal disorders and metabolic changes in the body of a woman with acne is a necessary condition for the appointment of appropriate pathogenetic treatment.

Relationship between sex hormone levels and acne progression

Many studies show that women with acne need to carry out a comprehensive examination in order to clarify the functional state of the ovaries, adrenal glands and thyroid gland, as well as to determine the state of carbohydrate metabolism.

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