Causes and clinical manifestations of pathological abrasion of teeth

Tooth tissue is considered to be the strongest structure of the human body. But, despite this, teeth can crumble, break and even wear out. Tooth abrasion is the process of reducing enamel and dentin, which is accompanied by a decrease in the height of the crown of all or individual teeth. At the same time, the anatomical shape of the dental crown changes, the sensitivity of the teeth increases, dysfunction of the temporal – mandibular joint and disturbed occlusion of the teeth. Why does tooth decay occur? How is this process eliminated?

Tooth wear is  a natural physiological process

Teeth wear occurs in 13% of the population, with the majority of patients being men.

Every healthy person wears his teeth gradually and slowly throughout his life, which is a physiological process. This process has a slowly current compensated character. As a result, the dental crown becomes about a quarter shorter than its original height by the age of 40.

Pathological abrasion of teeth is accompanied by a pronounced loss of hard tissues of the tooth.

What are the causes of pathological tooth wear?

This pathology can be caused by such reasons: functional insufficiency and morphological inferiority of hard tissues of teeth, functional overload of teeth and harmful effects on tooth tissue. Violation of the morphology and function of the tissue of the teeth can be acquired and congenital. Read more about these factors at estet-portal.com. Congenital pathologies include Stanton's syndrome – Capdepon, osteogenesis imperfecta, marble disease. Among the acquired causes, a violation of phosphorus – calcium metabolism. These are panhypopituitarism, rickets, hypoparathyroidism, colitis, malnutrition and prolonged diarrhea.

One of the main factors of pathological tooth wear is an irrational load on the teeth, which occurs in such conditions:

• partially edentulous,
• malocclusion of teeth,
• the presence of errors in prosthetics of defects in the dentition;
• bad oral habits,
• parafunctions of masticatory muscles.

Clinical manifestations and treatment of pathological tooth wear

The height of the tooth crown decreases depending on the degree of pathological abrasion. In very severe cases, the teeth are worn down to the level of the neck. Abrasion can cover only individual teeth or groups of teeth, or all teeth.

An aesthetic defect is that when smiling, the impression of a “toothless mouth” is created. Erased teeth are more sensitive to the action of thermal factors. The abrasion of teeth leads to the formation of sharp edges in them, which injures the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.

Therapeutic measures for pathological tooth wear are aimed at eliminating the cause, restoring tooth tissues, as well as normalizing occlusal relationships. For this, mineral metabolism is corrected, endocrine disorders are treated, and prostheses are installed.

In order to reduce the hypersensitivity of the teeth, applications of preparations containing fluorine are carried out, electrophoresis is prescribed, and mineral intake is administered; vitamin complexes. To eliminate bruxism, wearing a protective mouth guard at night is shown. To restore the anatomical shape in case of abrasion of teeth, they are restored using filling materials, artificial crowns and stump inlays.