The bone tissue of the body is the basis of the human skeleton and is a depot of mineral salts. Bone tissue takes part in metabolism, therefore, metabolic disorders affect the condition of human bones. Osteomalacia is one of the metabolic syndromes, which is characterized by a violation of the mineralization of the formed bone matrix in adults. Similar metabolic disorders in the child's body are called rickets. Despite the fact that osteomalacia affects the bones, this disease is an endocrinological pathology. About the main causes of bone osteomalacia and the symptoms of the disease tells estet-portal.com.

Why does osteomalacia syndrome occur and how does it manifest?

Osteomalacia of bones is a systemic pathology characterized by a violation of mineral metabolism with damage to bone tissue. By itself, the word "osteomalacia" means "softening of the bones", which explains the nature of the pathology. As a result of a lack of vitamins, calcium salts and phosphoric acid in the patient's body, softening and deformation of the bones occur, which become too flexible. Such a condition, in addition to characteristic symptoms that worsen the patient's quality of life, threatens to develop serious complications, so the pathology requires timely detection and effective treatment.

Osteomalacia of bones:

  • classification of bone osteomalacia syndrome: main forms;
  • etiology of osteomalacia syndrome of bones: common causes;
  • Clinical presentation of bone osteomalacia syndrome.

Classification of bone osteomalacia syndrome: main forms

Osteomalacia of bones occurs almost 10 times more often in females. Depending on when the first signs of the disease appear in the human body, osteomalacia is classified as follows:

  • children's and youthful forms of osteomalacia - characterized by a predominant lesion of the pathological process of the bones of the extremities;
  • climacteric and senile forms – characterized by damage to the vertebrae, which leads to shortening of the trunk and kyphosis;
  • puerperal osteomalacia – develops in pregnant women and is characterized by damage to the pelvic bones, lower spine and upper femurs.

Etiology of osteomalacia syndrome: common causes

Depending on the etiological factors, bone osteomalacia is divided into two large groups: osteomalacia, which develops as a result of impaired mineralization, and osteomalacia, which occurs against the background of secondary hyperparathyroidism and hypophosphatemia. There are such reasons for the development of osteomalacia in these cases:

  • Osteomalacia secondary to secondary hyperparathyroidism and hypophosphatemia may result from deficiency in intake and absorption of vitamin D or loss of vitamin D-binding proteins, impaired 25-hydroxylation, and abnormal target organ response to calcitriol;
  • Defects in mineralization such as bone matrix pathologies, hypophosphatasia, intake of mineralization inhibitors, phosphate deficiency, as well as defects in renal reabsorption can lead to the development of osteomalacia.

Clinical presentation of osteomalacia syndrome

The clinical picture of bone osteomalacia syndrome includes symptoms characteristic of the pathological process of the musculoskeletal system. Patients may complain of muscle weakness that occurs predominantly in the proximal limbs and is associated with muscle atrophy. As a result, patients experience significant discomfort during movement and develop the so-called "duck gait". Patients are also concerned about the appearance of pain in the bones, which are more pronounced in the lumbosacral region, pelvic bones and lower extremities. The pains are dull, bursting in nature, aggravated by movement. A characteristic feature and at the same time a complication of osteomalacia syndrome is the occurrence of fractures. Attention is drawn to the fact that fractures can occur even with minor trauma or without trauma as such. With prolonged severe osteomalacia in adults, skeletal deformities occur.

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