Symptoms and aspects of the treatment of urogenital candidiasis

Urogenital candidiasis is a chronic, often relapsing disease. One of the most common manifestations of urogenital candidiasis is a lesion of the genitourinary tract. In the structure of the infectious pathology of the lower genitourinary organs, the proportion of candidiasis approaches 40%, although the question of the sexual route of its transmission is still being discussed. In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of urogenital candidiasis in women, which poses a great danger to their health, and also increases the frequency of complications during pregnancy, childbirth and can have a dangerous effect on the fetus and newborn.

Causes of urogenital candidiasis in men

In men, urogenital candidiasis is less common than in women. Allocate domestic and sexual ways of infection with urogenital candidiasis in men.

Among the causes that contribute to the occurrence of urogenital candidiasis, it should be noted:

• poor hygiene;
• skin injury;
• excessive sweating;
• the effect of harmful occupational factors on the skin and mucous membranes;
• diseases associated with metabolic disorders;
• blood diseases;
• lack of vitamins;
• chronic infectious diseases;
• long-term use of medications that reduce immunity;
• immunodeficiency state of the organism.

Clinical picture of urogenital candidiasis of the genitourinary organs in men

There are urogenital candidiasis of the genitourinary organs in men, women and children. The incubation period of the disease lasts from 10 days to 2 months.

In men, urogenital candidiasis manifests itself in the form of balanoposthitis, mycotic urethritis, epididymitis, prostatitis, cystitis.

Balanoposthitis is often observed in people with diabetes mellitus, notes estet-portal.com. Patients complain of moderate itching.

Mycotic urethritis, which occurs through genital or orogenital contact, almost always has a candidal etiology. The discharge is often scanty, mucous, and in some cases – white with lumps. Urethritis may be preceded or accompanied by candidal balanoposthitis.

The urethra in urogenital candidiasis in men is affected less frequently, and often the disease has a subacute course.

Urogenital candidiasis in men is manifested by slight itching, burning. Allocations are serous, rarely purulent. On urethroscopic examination, a whitish coating is observed on the mucous membrane of the urogenital canal. Under the plaque, the wall is edematous and hyperemic.

Clinical picture of urogenital candidiasis of the genitourinary organs in women

Urogenital candidiasis in women manifests itself in the form of vulvitis, vestibulitis, urethritis, endocervicitis. In the acute and subacute course of urogenital candidiasis, itching and burning are felt. Objectively, hyperemia with a bluish tinge, puffiness, friability and graininess of the mucous membranes, small vesicles, erosions with polycyclic edges and white plaque are detected during a mirror examination. In the chronic course of urogenital candidiasis, patients complain of constant itching.

Urethritis is characterized by dysuric disorders, pain, burning sensation during urination, increased frequency of urination. On examination, there is hyperemia, swelling of the urethral lips, curdled plaque.

Endocervicitis as an independent disease is almost never found. Often it occurs in women with reduced ovarian function. In the cervical canal, white, crumbly lumps or white mucous discharge are observed. An asymptomatic course of the disease is also possible, while a hanging mucous film is observed. Cervical erosion may occur.

Main aspects of the treatment of urogenital candidiasis

In the treatment of urogenital candidiasis  distinguish between general and local methods treatment of candidiasis. General therapy includes preparations of the imidazole group. Patients are prescribed fluconazole 150 mg orally, provided that up to 4 clinical relapses occur per year, and in the case of a chronic relapsing process – 100 mg once a week for up to 6 months. An alternative systemic anti-candida drug is itraconazole, which is indicated for the chronic course of the disease, 200 mg orally 2 times a day for 7 days, and then – another 400 mg once a month for 6 months.

Before and during treatment with systemic antifungals, a laboratory blood test (alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin) and a pregnancy test should be performed.

Vaginal tablets, suppositories, creams and capsules are used as local remedies for treating urogenital candidiasis.