Gaff disease - another danger from fish

There is a risk of contracting infectious diseases when eating certain foods. Fish also belongs to such products.

Different types of fish can carry one or another danger, especially if it is not cooked correctly. So, it is possible to develop acute food poisoning after eating fish.

The disease is called paroxysmal-toxic alimentary myoglobinuria, as well as Yuks' disease, Sartlan disease or Haff's disease.

Let's take a closer look at estet-portal.com causes, symptoms and treatment of this condition.

• Origin and Causes of Haff Disease
• Mechanism of development and lesion in Haff disease
• Clinical symptoms and complications of Huff disease
• Diagnostic methods for suspected Gaff disease
• Basic Treatments for Gaff Diseaseand

Origin and Causes of Huff Disease

Haff disease is food poisoning. It is found in predatory fish, carnivorous birds and animals.

For the first time in humans, the disease was detected in 1924 among fishermen of the Frischer-Gaff Bay, then the disease occurred on the territory of the USSR.

Adults get sick more often in spring and summer.

The toxic agent causing Huff disease in humans has not been clearly identified.

Believed to be caused by:

• cane seed ergot alkaloids;
• river horsetail;
• industrial pollution;
• reeds.

Cyanobacteria.

Toxins of these cyanobacteria accumulate inside the organs and tissues of fish that live in water bodies, causing diseases that lead to the death of some individuals.

People get infected

by the alimentary route by eating such fish.

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There are

risk factors for contracting Haff disease:

diabetes mellitus;
CHD;
viral
• hepatitis B;
lack of B vitamins;
deterioration of the ecological state of water in reservoirs;
eating a lot of fish;
season in which the water level rises after a dry period;
blue-green algae bloom.

It is dangerous to eat

fish oil and their insidesshe.

Mechanism of development and lesion in Haff disease

The mechanism of development of Haff disease has not been fully understood.

The toxin is suspected to cause

an electrolyte imbalance in myofibrils skeletal muscle, which contributes to rhabdomyolysis.

Against this background, myoglobin is released, lactic acid accumulates.

Protein from muscle tissue, passing through the renal tubules,

blocks the ascending loops of Henle.

Being in the nephron, its distal part, metabolic products damage the epithelium, which causes the development of acute tubular necrosis.

In addition to the lesions described above,

the nervous system also suffers, namely the lateral horns of the spinal cord, spinal ganglia and striated muscles.

Changes in the central nervous system may also appear in the form of petechial hemorrhages or degenerative processes in the cytoplasm of cells, cerebral edema.

Parenchymal organs can also be affected by the pathological processom.

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Clinical symptoms and complications of  Haff disease

Haff disease manifests itself acutely, hours or days after consumption of a contaminated product.

Often

symptoms appear a couple of hours after drinking alcohol or exercising.

The first symptoms of Huff disease are muscle pains that spread throughout the body. Pain intensity has wide limits – ranging from mild discomfort to severe pain resulting in immobility of the person.

The amount of diuresis also decreases, the urine becomes brick or black, the body temperature rises, nausea and vomiting, and diarrhea may occur.

The condition is very dangerous when the intercostal muscles and muscles of the shoulder girdle are affected due to the possible development of

symptoms of respiratory failure, which, without treatment, leads to death.

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The appearance of the above symptoms is considered an attack

that lasts no more than 4 days.

After that, the symptoms go away, the temperature and urinalysis returns to normal.

A second seizure is possible after hypothermia, drinking alcohol or hard physical labor.

Complications of Haff disease:

acute renal failure;
uremic coma;
edema-swelling of the brain;
tachyarrhythmia, bradycardia, rhythm and conduction disturbances;
acute respiratory and cardiac failure;
toxic hepatitis;
symptoms of hypercoagulation;
nephrosclerosis;
renal hypertension;
aspiration or hypostatic
• pneumonia;
Chronic renal failure.

Accession of

secondary flora ends with the development of chronic pyelonephritista.

Diagnostic methods for suspected Huff disease

If Haff disease is suspected,

consultation with an infectious disease specialist and neurologist will be required. 

Methods for diagnosing Huff disease:

1. Instrumental Methods – MRI of the spine, chest X-ray, ECG, ultrasound of the kidneys.

2. Laboratory Research – neutrophilia, an increase in leukocytes, a shift in the formula to the left, aneosinophilia are observed in the KLA.

AST, ALT, myoglobin, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, potassium and creatinine increase.

OAM - proteinuria, hematuria, hyaline and granular casts.

3. Physical data. A person with Huff disease has a forced posture and shortness of breath.

There is swelling and soreness of the muscles on palpation, muscle hypertonicity.

On examination, an enlarged liver, expansion of the borders of the heart is revealed, auscultation reveals a violation of the heart rhythm.

Palpation of the abdomen may reveal symptoms of an acute abdomen.

Quantity and quality of urine changed.

4. Detection of infectious agents is possible with biological assay in cats or mice.

It is important to carry out such tests to exclude tetanus; if leptospirosis is suspected, it is necessary to conduct an

agglutination test, to exclude rabies – PCR of saliva, liquor or tear fluid.

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Diagnosticization of diagnoses is carried out with:

hemorrhagic fever;
leptospirosis;
rabid;
tetanus;
myositis;
Urolithiasis;
Myocardial infarction
• yes.

Basic treatments for Huff disease

Those with Huff disease must be hospitalized.

Moreover,

in case of damage to the muscles of the shoulder girdle, they are hospitalized in the intensive care unit. 

With conservative treatment, they provide

cessation of the absorption of the toxin from the gastrointestinal tract.

Requires

detoxification measures:

hemodialysis;
plasmapheresis;
hemosorption;
Ultrafiltration.

As

etiotropic therapy, gastric lavage is performed. Plentiful warm drink is recommended.

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Introduction of solutions of sodium chloride, glucose, rheopolyglucin and

correction acid-base balance justified from a pathogenetic point of view.

Symptomatic therapy

is also carried out using analgesics, anticonvulsants and vitamin preparations. In severe disease with the development of rhabdomyolysis,

surgical treatment is required.