Hyperpigmentation – a fairly common phenomenon that occurs among patients of all age groups. Usually it does not pose any danger, does not affect performance and is only an aesthetic problem, but nevertheless causes discomfort to patients. Today, there are many ways to deal with hyperpigmentation, but in order to use them correctly, you need to understand what underlies the changes that have arisen and what prevention methods exist.
At estet-portal.com read about pigmentation disorders of the skin, as well as what methods exist to correct this condition.
- How is melanin synthesized? Factors regulating the process of melanogenesis
- Mechanism that determines the way forward: hypo or hyperpigmentation
- The main types of hyperpigmentation
- Patient motivation and perspective treatment of hyperpigmentation
How is melanin synthesized? Factors regulating the process of melanogenesis
Let's consider the biochemical process of melanin synthesis to understand the occurrence of hyperpigmentations. Melanin is synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine by the action of the tyrosinase enzyme in melanocytes cells. Further, thanks to the processes of melanocytes, the synthesized melanin is transferred to keratinocytes and evenly distributed, thereby betraying the skin tone.
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Factors affecting melogenesis can be conditionally divided into endogenous and exogenous.
Endogenous factors:
- Genetic predisposition
- Somatic and dermal pathologies
- Hormonal changes
- Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency
Exogenous factors:
- UV radiation
- Infrared and X-rays
- Traumatization of the skin (mechanical, chemical, physical)
It is worth highlighting the health of the liver in the processes of melanogenesis, since tyrosine metabolism occurs precisely in hepatocytes. Also, according to biochemists, it is in the liver that melanocyte-stimulating hormone is activated by cathepsins.
The mechanism that determines the path forward: hypo or hyperpigmentation
Nerve impulses change depending on negative stimuli and affect the pituitary and pineal glands, which affects the production of melanocyte-stimulating hormone and melatonin. The further scenario depends on the physiological antagonism of these hormones, in case of prevalence of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (intermedin), hyperpigmentation will develop, in case of lack of intermedin or excess of melatonin, hypopigmentation is expected.
Disorders of skin pigmentation are divided into primary and secondary.
- Primary ones can be limited or have a generalized character, for example, in systemic diseases of the hepatobiliary system and Addison's disease.
- Secondary disorders skin pigmentation are observed after acute and chronic dermatoses and resolution of primary morphological elements (papules, pustules).
Although hyperpigmentation can occur in patients with any skin type, melanogenesis disorders are more common in people with dark phototype.
The main types of hyperpigmentation
Solar lentigo: hyperpigmentation tanners
Read also: Lentigo: how to get rid of a cosmetic defect
Solar lentigo is most often called "age" or "hepatic" spots. Lentigo are located on open areas of the skin – face, chest, shoulders and arms. These can be spots of various sizes, the number of which increases with age.
The following topical agents have a good effect in the treatment of these changes:
- cream containing fluorocinolone acetonide 0.01%, hydroquinone 4% and tretinoin 0.05%;
- whitening solution - 2% mequinol and 0.01% tretinoin.
Lentigo responds well to treatment with trichloroacetic peels, cryotherapy and laser. Melasma: when sunscreen becomes a constant companion. Melasma is a symmetrical hyperpigmentation skin lesion that is more common in women. The appearance of melasma is associated with hormonal changes, and the effect of estrogens on melanocytes. Treatment of melasma is a very lengthy process that can take years. At the same time, sunscreens become constant companions of patients.
First line treatment includes photoprotectors, hydroquinone, and a three-component cream containing fluorocinolone acetonide 0.01%, hydroquinone 4% and tretinoin 0.05%.
In second place in the treatment of melasma are chemical peels based on glycolic, lactic and salicylic acids, which are best done 2 times a week. At the same time, the darker the skin, the lighter peels should be used.
Read also: Using peels to combat hyperpigmentation
Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation: undesirable complications of cosmetic procedures. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation occurs as a result of trauma, exposure to certain medications, and even certain cosmetic procedures. Fungal or viral skin infections, allergic reactions, contact dermatitis can provoke an increase in the activity of melanocytes. For the treatment of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, the same skin whitening products are used. However, it is important to remember that the earlier the – the better results you can get. As the popularity of aesthetic procedures continues to grow, so does the frequency of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentations. In this way, Patient Motivation and Hyperpigmentation Treatment Perspective
To solve the aesthetic problem of the existinghyperpigmentation
is not so difficult, the main problem is to control the appearance of new foci ofhyperpigmentation. is only half the success. The second half of the success is maintaining the result and preventing further changes. Patients with skin pigmentation should avoid UV rays and use SPF cream on a regular basis, adherence to all activities outside the beauty parlor is a prerequisite for ensuring the result of the treatment. More useful information on our
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