Pregnancy is a special period in a woman's life, which is accompanied by a large-scale restructuring of all processes in the body.
Almost all of them are reversible, however, sometimes they bring serious discomfort to the pregnant woman. Dermatologists consider such patients to be one of the most difficult, since skin lesions in pregnant women are quite common, but treating them is not an easy task, because most therapies are contraindicated.
For information on what skin lesions are most common in pregnant women, read on estet-portal.com in this article.
Major skin changes during pregnancy
All skin changes during pregnancy can be divided into three groups: physiological, exacerbation of pre-existing dermatoses, and dermatoses of pregnancy.
Studies show that physiological changes occur in all women during pregnancy, of which linea nigra is the most common, occurring in 80% of cases.
Dermatoses affect about 30% of women, among them the most common pruritus of pregnancy (50% of cases), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (25%), polymorphic dermatosis (22%) and only 3% pemphigoid dermatosis.
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Atopic skin lesions during pregnancy
Atopic dermatitis – one of the most common dermatoses of pregnancy. Most often, it manifests at the beginning of the third trimester, and, as a rule, recurs in subsequent pregnancies. This is a benign gestational dermatosis that occurs in patients prone to allergic reactions.
The occurrence of atopic dermatitis in pregnant women is associated with immune changes, namely with a decrease in cellular immunity and activation of humoral immunity.
Atopic dermatitis of pregnancy includes three types of changes:
• pregnancy eczema, which most often occurs in the second trimester, affects the face, neck and hands;
• pruritic folliculitis, which, contrary to the name, is manifested not so much by itching as by the appearance of erythematous papules on the shoulders, upper back, chest and abdomen;
• pruritus of pregnant women, which is characterized by the appearance of erythematous small papules and nodules against the background of excessive dryness of the skin and severe itching.
The resolution of the rash with these skin lesions resolves on its own after a couple of months after delivery.
Read also: How allergic dermatosis manifests itself: features of the clinical picture
Polymorphic dermatosis: skin changes during pregnancy
Polymorphic dermatosis is most often associated with excessive maternal weight gain and multiple pregnancies. It is a benign limited pruritic inflammatory disease. The basis of this skin lesion is a rapid, late, excessive stretching of the abdominal cavity, leading to damage to the collagen fibers.
Its first manifestations occur in the area of stretch marks in the form of scarlet papules, which can merge into plaques, and vesicles can also occur. This dermatosis most often affects the thighs and abdomen, without affecting the umbilical region.
The rash disappears a week after childbirth, however, cases are described when polymorphic dermatosis manifested precisely in the postpartum period.
You may also be interested in: Cholestasis in pregnancy: a serious problem or a normal condition
Features of the course of pemphigoid dermatosis of pregnancy
Herpes pregnancy or, as it is correct to say pemphigoid, since the disease is in no way connected with the herpes virus, is a rare limited autoimmune bullous disorder that most often manifests itself in the second or third trimester of pregnancy.
The occurrence of pemphigoid dermatosis is associated with hyperproduction of autoantibodies, mainly IgG to the basement membrane of the epidermis.
Clinically, the disease is manifested by the appearance of pruritic erythematous urticarial papules, which in the abdomen most often merge into plaques.
Topical corticosteroids are used to treat this dermatosis – with a mild form of the disease, and systemic in small doses – if severe.
Timely diagnosis of pregnancy dermatoses can prevent the development of severe forms of the disease, and significantly improve the quality of life of a pregnant woman.
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