Skin condition – indicator of the health of the whole human body. Due to its peculiar structure and versatility of functions, it is extremely sensitive and ranks first among other organs in terms of diagnostic capabilities for a doctor. A special group of dermatoses in terms of the variety of pathological processes is tumors that can develop primarily or as a result of metastases. Obligate precancers – these are neoplasms of the skin, which always acquire a malignant course.
Main clinical symptoms in obligate precancers
The clinical symptoms of obligate precancers vary according to which organ is affected.
Obligate precancers include: Bowen's disease, Queyre's erythroplasia, Paget's disease, xeroderma pigmentosum.
Bowen's disease (Bowen's dyskeratosis, intraepidermal cancer) – a skin neoplasm that develops from keratinocytes and occurs in various areas of the skin. Clinically, this obligate precancer is manifested by single, rarely multiple, irregularly shaped brown-red plaques ranging in size from 2 mm to a child's palm. The surface of plaques can be covered with scales and serous-bloody crusts. Atrophy may be observed in the center of some formations.
Erythroplasia of Queyra. On the head of the penis, rarely on the foreskin, a bright red plaque 2-5 cm in size with clear boundaries appears. The edges rise slightly above the level of the skin. Read more about Keyra's erythroplasia at estet-portal.com. The surface of this obligate precancer is velvety or shiny, moist, sensitive to palpation. When infected, the surface becomes covered with a purulent crust. The pathological process develops slowly, sometimes the tumor remains unchanged. The histological and cytological picture corresponds to the changes in Bowen's disease, but there is no dyskeratosis.
Paget's disease – is an intraductal breast cancer that develops at the orifice of the excretory milk ducts nipple. The development of Paget's disease is associated with chronic inflammatory processes in the mammary gland. Clinical features - the appearance of dry crusts, cracks, superficial erosions in the nipple area, weeping. Patients are concerned about itching, sometimes tingling or pain. Gradually, the nipple becomes flat, and over time – retracted. When the pathological process spreads to the breast tissue, a tumor-like node appears, the lymph nodes increase.
Xeroderma pigmentosa (Peak's progressive reticular melanosis) is a congenital chronic skin disease characterized by its increased sensitivity to ultraviolet rays, inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and gives a picture of solar geroderma in combination with malignant neoplasms of the skin and soft tissues .
Clinically obligate precancer - xeroderma pigmentosa manifests itself:
- erythema;
- pigment spots;
- dermal edema;
- hyperkeratosis;
- cracks;
- ulcers;
- warty growths;
- foci of atrophy;
- exposed to solar radiation. The main methods of treatment of obligate precancers
There are no specific methods of therapy for obligate precancer - xeroderma pigmentosum, they recommend the constant use of sunscreens, in particular “Anthelios XL SPF 50+” etc., and in spring and summer – also photohyposensitizers in combination with vitamins A, E, B12, pantothenic acid.
The treatment of Bowen's disease is mainly surgical (excision of the tumor), laser therapy and cryodestruction are also used.
When erythroplasia of Queira, if there is a lesion of the foreskin, circumcision is advisable, in case of localization of erythroplasia in the region of the glans penis, cryodestruction is recommended.
Treatment of Paget's disease is mainly surgical with obligatory histological control of the edges of the removed tissue. In the presence of a tumor node, obligate precancer is treated as a cancer of the corresponding stage.
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