In today's world, tattoo is done using electric needles to inject pigment particles into the dermis. The incidence of complications resulting from decorative tattoos is on the rise. Skin contact with foreign substances can lead to a number of side effects, including toxic, immunological inflammatory or allergic reactions to pigments, as well as transmission of infectious diseases. Let's take a look at estet-portal.com types of complications after tattooing, possible adverse reactions in response to the introduction pigment.
- Pathological reactions after tattooing: inflammatory, allergic
- Laser tattoo removal for pcomplications
Pathological reactions after tattooing: inflammatory, allergic
- Acute inflammatory reactions
Acute inflammatory reactions are associated with mechanical damage to tissues and penetration into the dermis of pigments, dyes, metal particles. This type of reaction usually resolves without consequences within 2-3 weeks and is an expected negative effect of the tattooing process.
- Allergic reactions
Pigments that cause an allergic reaction are pigments containing mercury, cadmium selenide and quinacridone.
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Many studies describe allergic contact dermatitis caused by temporary henna tattoos. The reaction is due to the bleach in the formulation, which is often paraphenylenediamine.
An allergic reaction to pigment can manifest itself in two ways. First – granulomatous reaction in the type of reaction to a foreign object with numerous giant cells that contain pigment.
And the second option – according to the type of hypersensitivity reaction with dense aggregates of epithelioid cells, a thin peripheral ring of lymphocytes and a small number of giant cells. The hypersensitivity reaction can be local and generalized. Standard skin tests are not informative in this case due to the location of the antigen in the dermis.
A hypersensitivity reaction usually manifests clinically as localized eczematous rashes or, less commonly, as exfoliative dermatitis.
Histologically, acanthosis, spongiosis, and lymphocytic
topical corticosteroids
may be used if pathological reactions develop, but permanent removal of the tattoo may eventually be required.
Laser tattoo removal
often requires several treatments and not all pigmentation can be completely eliminated. Follow us on Facebook
!The laser acts on the pigment-containing structures of the skin using selective photothermolysis. Before laser treatment, the tattoo pigment is localized in perivascular fibroblasts, mast cells and macrophages. The laser fragments the
cells containing the pigment, which, as a result, becomes extracellular. The release of the pigment into the extracellular space promotes lymphatic drainage and rephagocytosis of smaller residual particles. A pigment released into the extracellular space may be considered by the immune system as a
foreign agent, causing ahypersensitivity reaction
. Medical tattoo for the correction of aesthetic defects
Tattoo inks may experience photochemical changes
caused by laser exposure, resulting in permanent, immediate darkening of the tattoo. Pigments, includingred, brown and white
, are at the highest risk of this reaction. Darkening can be masked by the whitening effect after laser therapy: gas bubbles are formed that scatter light. It is recommended to start with the laser on the test area as the transient whitening reaction (frost) can mask the darkening.
Features of laser tattoo removal
Patients should always be aware of the complications that may arise during or after tattooing. The specialist, in turn, must evaluate all possible risks, adhere to all the rules of
asepsis and antisepticsin order to avoid not only the development of allergic reactions, but also infectious complications. Each complication requires individual treatment depending on the case and pathogenesis of the disease. Removing large tattoos, especially multi-colored ones, is almost impossible and not recommended: patients often have unrealistic expectations. More interesting content is waiting for you on our YouTube channel
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