In clinical endocrinology, the most common disease is diabetes.
Diabetes is known to be crippling and even fatal if not diagnosed and/or treated incorrectly.
But there is a condition where diabetes has not yet developed and can be prevented by taking the necessary measures.
A sign of impending diabetes is elevated blood glucose immediately after eating.
This phenomenon is called latent diabetes, or prediabetes.
This state of the body is marginal, that is, pathological processes have not yet started, and diabetes can be prevented by normalizing nutrition and normalized physical activity.
Read our article on estet-portal.com for more information about prediabetes.
- Etiological factors and causes of prediabetes
- How does prediabetes develop? Mechanism of increasing blood glucose
- Glycogen and the process of prediabetic developmentta
Etiological factors and causes of prediabetes
Prediabetes develops in the presence of concomitant factors, which are genetically determined and which the patient can control independently. The combination of factors from both groups significantly increases the risk of developing latent diabetes.
Diabetes mellitus occurs with the same frequency in men and women, in adults and children.
The main etiological factors in the development of prediabetes:
- Incorrect nutrition.
When you consume large amounts of refined sugar, enzymes and hormones do not have time to develop in the body to absorb it. This leads to the development of prediabetes.
- Exceeding body mass index.
With excess weight and a large amount of adipose tissue, the sensitivity of cells to insulin decreases, which slows down the absorption of sugar. A BMI >25 increases the likelihood of developing latent diabetes.
- Sedentary lifestyle.
With physical inactivity, the functioning of all systems and organs decreases, including the work of the pancreas.
- Some medications.
There are drugs that are considered diabetogenic, such as contraceptives and corticosteroids.
- Somatic diseases.
In autoimmune diseases, pathologies of the endocrine system, chronic diseases of blood vessels, heart, liver and kidneys, sugar absorption may be impaired.
The diagnosis has been found to be frequently confirmed in patients with hypertension and polycystic ovary syndrome.
- Pregnancy.
The development of diabetes during pregnancy (gestational diabetes) increases the risk of developing high blood sugar after eating. At risk are pregnant women with a fetus over 4 kg.
- Heredity.
Patients with increased glucose tolerance tend to have relatives who have diabetes mellitus or had cases in the family tree. Therefore, close relatives of diabetic patients should regularly monitor their blood sugar levels.
- Not to mention ethnic predisposition.
Pre-diabetes is more often diagnosed in people from Africa, Asia, Americaki.
What contributes to the development of diabetes mellitus І type
How does prediabetes develop? Mechanism of increasing blood glucose
The pancreas synthesizes the hormone insulin.
He is responsible for the supply of glucose from the blood to all cells of the body that receive energy from it.
Normally, insulin secretion is stimulated by the absorption of glucose into the blood from the stomach.
Then, glucose is absorbed by the tissues, and its content in the blood plasma reduces already a couple of hours after a meal.
This will result in blood glucose levels of 7.8 mmol/L.
People diagnosed with diabetes have postprandial glucose levels above 11 mmol/L.
If your blood sugar levels fluctuate between 7.9 and 11 after a meal, this condition is called prediabetes.
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Glycogen and the development of prediabetes
Two mechanisms are involved in the process of increasing sugar – increase in tissue resistance to hormone action and decrease in insulin production by the pancreas.
In these cases, there is a pre-diabetes condition that can only be detected by a clinical blood test, as hasno clinical manifestations and symptoms.
The body always has some amount of energy that is needed as a reserve.
Thus, the body receives glucose not only from food, but also from intracellular sources – in the form of glycogen. Glycogen is found in liver cells. Of the entire mass of the liver, up to 8% are glycogen granules. Also, up to 1% of glycogen cells are found in the heart muscle, but it is used only for local consumption. And the liver can provide energy not only for itself, but for the whole organism.
Thus, in hypoglycemic conditions, the body takes energy from glycogen.
Read in our next article how to diagnose prediabetes and what prevention measures and treatment are appropriate in case of prediabetes.
Nondiabetes insipidus: features of diagnosis and therapy
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