What contributes to the development of type 1 diabetes

Rotavirus infection remains the main etiological factor in the development of gastroenteritis among children worldwide, despite preventive measures associated with vaccination and a decrease in the death rate.

According to a new study by The University of Melbourne, Australia, rotaviruses may play an important role in the development of type 1 diabetes.

For more information about the results of this study, read the article on estet-portal.com.

• Reducing the incidence of type 1 diabetes
• Molecular Basis of Type 1 Diabetes Link to Viral Infection
• Prospects for the use of the vaccine as a method of preventing type 1 diabetesa

Reducing the incidence of type 1 diabetes

The basis for the study was data on the reduction in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in young children with the introduction of the Australian Immunization Program specific vaccination.

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In particular, a 15% decrease in the indicated incidence rates among children under 4 years of age was found.

This allowed the authors of the observation to suggest that vaccination against rotavirus infection can be considered as a step in primary prevention of the specified autoimmune disease.

The scientists substantiated their own opinion by the fact that such conclusions supplement the results of earlier clinical and experimental studies on the rotaviruses role in initiating the development of type 1 diabetes in genetically susceptible children .

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Molecular Basis for the Association of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with Viral Infection

The authors began their work with molecular evidence that supports their hypothesis, pointing to an association between rotavirus infection and autoantibodies in blood serum to pancreatic islet cells.

In particular, the researchers noted that type 1 diabetes is a polygenic autoimmune disease that is mediated by environmental factors.

About 50% of genetically determined cases of type 1 diabetes are associated with the HLA chromosome 6p21 complex.

In addition, the researchers discussed observational findings that highlight the importance of rotavirus infection and the development of pancreatic pathology, as well as the role of environmental factors that contribute to increased incidence of diabetes mellitus 1- type.

In order to directly confirm the role of rotaviruses in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus, an analysis was carried out and evidence of a temporal relationship between the appearance of islet autoantibodies and rotavirus infection in 360 children with a genetic risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus .

In particular, it was found that in 24 children, the first detection of

islet antibodies RV IgG or IgA correlated in time of appearance with positive test for the presence of insulin autoantibodies, as well as IA-2 and GAD65 − proinsulin islet autoantigen peptides − in 86, 62 and 50% of cases respectively.

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Scientists have analyzed population-based studies of an inverse relationship between

vaccination against rotavirus infection and the development of said type 1 diabetes mellitus based on data from the use of oral live protirotavirus vaccines in the Australian Immunization Program since 200 7.

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Prospects for the use of the vaccine as a method of preventing type 1 diabetes

According to the authors of the work, the next important step in research in this direction should be to determine the categories of children for whom this

specific vaccination is most likely to become an important condition for preventing the onset of type 1 diabetes .

In addition, future research should focus on

deepening the pathogenesis of the disease under the influence of rotaviruses and finding convincing data on whether infection with rotaviruses of pancreatic cells leads to the development of an autoimmune process and type 1 diabetes mellitus itself .

The main conclusion of the observation, the authors believe that if fundamental evidence is obtained for the stated hypothesis, vaccination against rotaviruses for individual children can become an additional positive factor in primary prevention of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

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