nappy dermatitis refers to any clinical manifestation of skin inflammation occurring in a diaper-covered area. Most skin inflammations − it is an irritation caused by moisture, heat or various enzymes, which are the main skin irritants.
There is a high prevalence of diaper dermatitis among children who need to use diapers. The overall prevalence of diaper dermatitis has been found to be 7-43.8%. At the age of up to 24 months, the highest prevalence of this pathology is noted, the peak incidence occurs at the age of 9 to 12 months.
Read the article on estet-portal.com about the main causes of development and methods of prevention of diaper dermatitis.
Risk factors for developing diaper dermatitis
There are many risk factors that have been found to increase the likelihood of developing diaper dermatitis. These factors include gastrointestinal infection, type of diaper used, and frequency of diaper changes.
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Thai scientists decided to study the prevalence and risk factors for developing diaper dermatitis in children. This was a long-term study that included 1153 children. The researchers conducted the study for 3 years at the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University in Thailand. The researchers used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyzes to determine the relationship between the development of diaper dermatitis and possible risk factors for its occurrence.
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Diagnosis of diaper dermatitis in this study was based on notification of parents of any skin rash in the area of diaper use within the past 6 months. Possible risk factors for developing diaper dermatitis include gastrointestinal infections, type of diaper, and frequency of diaper changes. The authors assessed for the first time the association between each risk factor and the development of diaper dermatitis.
Research on the causes of diaper dermatitis
A total of 1153 children were involved in the study: 585 (50.7%) boys and 568 (49.3%) girls. Their age ranged from 1 to 24 months (median = 6 months), with a mean age of 8.7 months. The prevalence of diaper dermatitis was 36.1% (416/1153). The highest prevalence was found among children aged 1 to 6 months (47.9%). This age group also had a significantly higher prevalence of diaper dermatitis than the other three age groups (7-12; 13-18 and 19-24 months). There were no significant differences between prevalence by gender (boys 37.4% (219/585) vs girls 34.5% (249/721).
Methods for preventing atopic dermatitis in children
Risk factors that had a statistically significant relationship with the development of diaper dermatitis: 1) the presence of allergic diseases; 2) changing diapers less than 3 times a night; 3) previous episodes of diaper dermatitis in history; 4) use of cloth diapers; 5) topical application of baby talc powder in the diaper area in the presence of diaper dermatitis.
Major allergic diseases (atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, and food allergy to cow's milk protein) have been reported as having a significant association with the occurrence of diaper dermatitis.
Therefore, if a child has a history of these diseases or a family history is burdened and, therefore, a high risk of their development, it is necessary to pay attention to the prevention of diaper dermatitis in this category of children.
Talc powder increases the risk of developing diaper dermatitis
Changing diapers less than 3 times a night and using baby talcum powder increased the risk of developing diaper dermatitis in the study population. Therefore, future strategies for the prevention of diaper dermatitis in this age group should be based on frequent diaper changes (especially at night) and the application of a diaper cream containing dexpanthenol instead of baby talc powder in the area where the baby's skin contacts diapers.
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If you follow these recommendations and prevent skin contact with aggressive detergents, use hypoallergenic, dermatologically tested cosmetic products, you can avoid the development of diaper dermatitis.
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