Urinary incontinence in women is one of the most common urological problems. Almost half of the female representatives over the age of 40 are faced with such an extremely unpleasant problem. Urinary incontinence can manifest itself in different ways in each individual case: sometimes urine leaks in drops, sometimes it is excreted in large quantities. In one type of pathology, the act of urination is preceded by a urge, in the other, urine is released spontaneously and uncontrollably. Regardless of what type of pathology is observed in the patient, this problem significantly affects her psycho-emotional state. Treating urinary incontinence helps a woman return to a normal lifestyle.
Urinary incontinence treatment: topical methods
The treatment of urinary incontinence depends on what type of pathology is observed in the patient. There are two main types of incontinence: urethral and extraurethral. In the first case, the pathological process is associated with the state of the urethral sphincters and detrusor. With extraurethral urinary incontinence, urination occurs due to pathological processes that do not directly relate to the urethra. Depending on the type of pathological process, the issue of the need for conservative or surgical treatment of urinary incontinence is decided.
Today, it is the surgical treatment of pathology that helps to achieve the maximum result.
Urine incontinence treatment:
- basic methods for diagnosing urinary incontinence;
- conservative treatments for urinary incontinence;
- surgical treatments for urinary incontinence.
Basic methods for diagnosing urinary incontinence
The diagnostic process of urinary incontinence is necessary to establish the type of pathology, the severity of the process and the possible causes of incontinence. At the first stage, a clinical examination is carried out, during which the patient's complaints, the nature of urination and concomitant diseases that could cause pathology are clarified. Conduct laboratory tests of urine and blood of the patient. At the second stage of diagnosis, an ultrasound examination of the organs of the urinary system is performed to determine their condition. Next, a combined urodynamic study is performed to diagnose instability of the detrusor and urethral sphincters.
Conservative treatments for urinary incontinence
The therapeutic scheme for urinary incontinence is determined by the etiological factor of the disease, anatomical disorders of the urinary system, the severity of the pathology and concomitant diseases. Conservative methods of urinary incontinence treatment are effective in case of mild incontinence or in the presence of contraindications to surgical treatment of the pathology. The following conservative therapies are used:
- Physical exercises to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor;
- hormone therapy is recommended for patients in menopause;
- alpha sympathomimetics;
- pessaries;
- removable urethral obturators.
Surgical treatments for urinary incontinence
Surgical treatment of urinary incontinence is by far the most effective and often the only option to eliminate the pathological process. When choosing a variant of surgical intervention, the presence of concomitant pathology, in particular gynecological, plays an important role. The following types of surgical interventions are used:
- anterior colporrhaphy;
- suprapubic surgery:
- Birch operation;
- Marshall-Krantz operation;
- loop (sling) surgery:
- free loop urethrovesicopexy;
- operations with flaps from the anterior wall of the vagina;
- fascial slings;
- collagen, autofat or Teflon injections;
- Installation of artificial sphincters;
- Using vaginal needle techniques.
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