Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. In our time, there is a pronounced trend towards an increase in the incidence of this pathological condition. Thus, according to the World Health Organization, the number of people diagnosed with diabetes mellitus increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014, almost four times.
Uncompensated diabetes mellitus can significantly worsen the course of concomitant cardiological, nephrological, surgical and other diseases in a patient. Therefore, knowledge of the main aspects of the treatment of diabetes is of great importance for doctors of all profiles. About the principles of diabetes therapy, as well as insulin therapy as one of the main drug treatments for diabetes, read on estet-portal.com in this article.
The importance of timely and correct treatment of diabetes
Chronic hyperglycemia – key laboratory sign of diabetes mellitus – leads to the intensification of process of protein glycation of the human body (Maillard reaction). Changes in the structure and functions of protein molecules underlie the development of macro- and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus.
Compensation of diabetes mellitus is the main condition for preventing the development and progression of diabetic complications.
Treatment of diabetes mellitus must be timely and effective, as this is of fundamental importance for maintaining a good quality of life for patients in the future. There are some principles for the treatment of patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Read more about them, as well as about modern approaches to the medical treatment of diabetes, in particular - insulin therapy, read further in the article.
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What are the current principles of diabetes therapy
The treatment of diabetes mellitus must follow certain principles. They can be formulated as follows:
1. Comprehensive approach to treatment;
2. Diet modification;
3. Performing adequate physical activity;
4. Proper drug treatment;
5. Education of patients on the rules of self-monitoring of the course of diabetes mellitus.
For more on a holistic approach to managing diabetes, as well as dietary and exercise choices for people with this disease, see Type 2 Diabetes: What Lifestyle Modification Involves.
Indications for prescribing insulin preparations in the treatment of diabetes
The news of the need to start insulin therapy always causes negative feelings in a patient with diabetes. Regular injection of insulin preparations under strict control of glycemic levels can significantly impair the quality of life. Therefore, knowing the indications for prescribing insulin therapy is of fundamental importance for every doctor.
Indications for prescribing insulin preparations in the treatment of diabetes mellitus are:
1. Type 1 diabetes mellitus;
2. Resistance to tablet forms of hypoglycemic drugs;
3. Ketoacidosis, ketoacidotic coma;
4. Hyperosmomolar coma;
5. Chronic renal or hepatic insufficiency, combined with diabetes mellitus;
6. Pregnancy and lactation in women diagnosed with diabetes mellitus.
In addition, the appointment of insulin preparations is advisable in case of severe exacerbations of concomitant chronic diseases in a patient with diabetes mellitus.
What are the methods of insulin therapy and what are they
In our time, there are two main methods of insulin therapy. These include:
1. Traditional insulin therapy: the patient's lifestyle adjusts to a strict insulin regimen;
2. Intensive Insulin Therapy: Allows for a more "flexible" mode of administration of insulin preparations.
The essence of traditional insulin therapy is as follows: the required daily dose of insulin is divided into two portions: morning (2/3 of the daily dose of insulin) and evening (1/3 of the daily dose of insulin). The composition of these portions includes insulin preparations of short and medium duration of action in a ratio of 1: 2. The advantage of this technique is a small number of injections (up to three times a day) of insulin preparations.
At the same time, the patient's diet and physical activity must be strictly regulated in accordance with the hormone administration regimen. This regimen is the treatment of choice for people who are not active, such as older patients.
What is the method of intensive insulin therapy for diabetes
The essence of the use of intensive insulin therapy for diabetes is the use of a basal-bolus insulin regimen: the basal level of the hormone is created by means of intermediate-acting insulin preparations, while short-acting insulin preparations are used before the main meals (imitation of natural secretion peaks hormone). The patient must be taught to self-calculate the required amount of short-acting insulin, depending on the number of bread units in the food.
Intensive insulin therapy does not restrict the patient's lifestyle and is suitable for young, active people.
The doctor must take a responsible approach to the choice of insulin therapy in each individual clinical case, taking into account the wishes and possibilities of the patient diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Thank you for staying with estet-portal.com. Read other interesting articles in the "Endocrinology" section. You may also be interested in Insulin resistance: why the hormone cannot reach the cells.
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