Nodular mastopathy often resembles breast cancer in its form, and many oncologists consider this disease as a precancerous process. Dense focal formations in nodular mastopathy can be single and multiple, determined only in one of the mammary glands, or found in both glands at the same time. Most often, the diagnosis of nodular mastopathy is made to women from 35 to 45 years old, the development of this disease is highly dependent on the hormonal background and is often activated when it is disturbed, including due to stress, metabolic disorders in the body.
Causes of nodular mastopathy and different forms of the disease
Nodular mastopathy is such changes in the connective tissue, in which large cystic cavities, proliferation of the epithelium, papillary growths are formed. Depending on the severity of the processes, the form of the disease can be simple or proliferating. It is the second form of nodular mastopathy that most often undergoes malignancy and is considered by specialists as a precancerous condition.
The main reason for the development of nodular mastopathy is hormonal fluctuations. So, normally, a woman's menstrual cycle is provided by estrogen & nbsp; and progesterone – in the first phase, estrogen stimulates proliferative processes, and in the second phase, proliferation is inhibited by progesterone. If there is an imbalance in the production of these hormones and progesterone becomes less than the body needs, an excessive uncontrolled process of tissue proliferation begins, including the mammary gland. This process leads to the development of mastopathy.
It happens that the hormone prolactin, which is intensively produced during pregnancy and breastfeeding, becomes the cause of the formation of nodular mastopathy.
Among other factors contributing to nodular mastopathy, the following should be highlighted:
- induced abortions;
- prolonged neuroses;
- certain gynecological diseases;
- hormonal contraception, especially if it is carried out uncontrolled;
- chest injury;
- diabetes mellitus, obesity.
The provoking factor for the development of nodular mastopathy may be the early onset of menstruation or the late onset of menopause, late first pregnancies, very long breastfeeding.
Symptoms of nodular mastopathy, types of treatment of the disease
Nodular mastopathy can be assumed in the presence of discharge from the nipple in combination with clearly palpable, well-defined seals in the chest. For nodular mastopathy, it is characteristic that in the supine position these seals are not determined. During menstruation, the nodules can become painful, tense, increase in size, but this does not always happen.
Therapy of nodular mastopathy is always surgical, although it is first necessary to equalize the hormonal background in the patient with the help of taking medications to solve problems with other background diseases. The nature of the surgical intervention depends on the form of mastopathy – it can be puncture removal of the contents of cysts with their sclerosis, and sectoral resection of the glands. If there are many nodules, if they grow rapidly, if there is reason to assume breast cancer – possible radical mastectomy.
It must be remembered that the nodal mastopathy does not develop instantly, & nbsp; and it is preceded by diffuse changes in the mammary glands, so for effective treatment and prevention of breast cancer, early diagnosis of mastopathy and its early treatment is very important.
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