Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Thus, in one large study, it was recorded that among women the overall prevalence of human papillomavirus is 26.8%, with a high prevalence among the population aged 20-24 years. Although most strains of the HPV virus are asymptomatic, types 6 and 11 are responsible for about 90% of genital papillomas.
Find out in the article on estet-portal.com why the human papillomavirus is so dangerous and what modern methods of preventing infection with this virus exist.
- What are the benefits of vaccination against human papillomavirus
- Key recommendations for human papillomavirus vaccination
- Approaches to selecting groups for vaccination against human papillomavirus
What are the benefits of vaccination against human papillomavirus
Human papillomavirus types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 are considered high-risk oncogenic types and are responsible for more than 44,000 cases of neoplasms in the United States each year. Thus, HPV is the cause of about 90% of cervical cancer and other neoplasms of the pelvic organs.
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Benefits of HPV vaccination in adults aged 26-45 include the prevention of HPV infection, genital papillomas and HPV-related cancers. And the harm as a result of vaccination is minimal. Thus, out of 9 clinical trials involving 7816 patients, only 1% of patients reported side effects
According to follow-up, women aged 27-45 years had similar rates of mild adverse events as women aged 16-26 years, including pain at the injection site, swelling and erythema.
Human papillomavirus vaccine is highly effective and well tolerated. Conducted studies show a high level of immunogenicity in patients aged
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Previously clinical guidelines included accelerated vaccination for men aged 13-21 years; all women and men who have had sexual intercourse; transgender and immunocompromised aged individuals The now updated 2020 guidelines greatly simplify the recommendations for accelerated vaccination, including both sexes aged 21-26 years, and offer an approach for selective vaccination of persons aged 27-45 years .
Key recommendations for human papillomavirus vaccination
Clinicians should jointly decide on the need for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for adults aged 27-45 years who have not started or completed the vaccination series based on individual risk factors and possible benefit .
But, all men and women aged> 26 years of age who did not start or complete routine vaccination at age 11-12 should be vaccinated. Vaccination against HPV is carried out according to a 3-dose schedule with the introduction of the second dose 1-2 months after the first dose, the third dose should be given 6 months after the first if the patient's age is > 15 years old.
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When vaccinating older people, administer HPV vaccination while breastfeeding. It is not recommended to vaccinate during pregnancy. Unfortunately, there are no clinical tests for antibody levels that would influence the decision to vaccinate, because in most cases, males do not produce antibodies in response to a natural infection, but seroconversion is inconsistent in females.
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Most importantly, even when antibodies are present, no antibody titer that would predict immunity to human papillomavirus can be established. Therefore, clinicians should take a thorough sexual history and inform patients of the potential benefit of vaccination in their setting, to make decisions together.
Approaches to selecting groups for vaccination against human papillomavirus
While screening programs reduce the incidence of cervical cancer, it remains the fourth most common cancer among women in the world. Much work needs to be done to reduce the overall burden and the associated racial and socio-economic divisions. Countries that have vaccination strategies that target different age groups and achieve the highest level of herd immunity.
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The HPV vaccine is the most cost-effective vaccine against exposure to the virus and can be given from age 9. Although many adults aged 27-45 are exposed to HPV before the age of 27, universal vaccination for all adults is not cost-effective. Therefore, selective vaccination of adults is recommended, both in terms of cost-effectiveness and public concern.
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