Проявления папилломавирусной инфекции: разновидности аногенитальных бородавок

Most infections, entering the body, are manifested by skin rashes. Some infections are characterized by the appearance of a rash at the site of infection, while others are manifested by the presence of a rash throughout the body. With the development of infections of the genital organs caused by the human papillomavirus, anogenital warts appear on the genitals. Another name for such warts – venereal.

Read more on estet-portal.com what elements of the rash are anogenital warts, and also, what are the methods of diagnosis and treatment of these rashes.

Causes of anogenital warts

Anogenital warts appear when human papillomavirus, which is transmitted from person to person through sexual contact, enters the body. The main manifestation of the disease – endophytic and exophytic growths localized on the mucous membranes of the external genital organs, on the mucous membrane of the urethra, cervix and vagina in women, as well as growths can appear on the skin and in the perianal region.

You will also be interested in: Treatment and prevention of human papillomavirus infection: international recommendations

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has about 190 types of virus, which differ in different risk of oncogenicity. Anogenital warts are considered the most common clinical manifestation of papillomavirus infection . According to statistics, up to 90% of cases of the disease are provoked by 6 and 11 types of HPV.

From infection to the appearance of anogenital warts in men, it takes up to a year, in women, clinical manifestations after infection begin to appear after a few months, more often it is 5-6 months.

The main route of HPV transmission is sexual. In rare cases, transmission of the infection transplacentalbut also perinatally is possible. The possibility of transmission of HPV through the household route has not yet been fully studied.

Main types of anogenital warts

According to WHO, up to 80% of the world's population is infected with HPV, but clinical manifestations of papillomavirus infection are present only in 5-10%. The manifestations of the virus are varied.

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There are several types of anogenital warts:

Bowen's disease and bowenoid papulosis;
  • Buschke-Levenshtein giant condyloma;
  • intraepithelial neoplasia;
  • warts in the form of papules;
  • lesion in the form of spots;
  • genital warts.
    • Subjective symptoms and sensations include
bleeding cracks in the mucous membranes and skin,

whichare accompanied by painful sensations. Characteristics of different types of anogenital warts

Anogenital

warts are diagnosed after physical examination. For better visualization of anogenital warts, a test with 5% acetic acid solution should be performed. After the test, the warts take on a grayish-white color, the vascular pattern around them intensifies.

Characteristics of manifestations of anogenital warts of different types:

    Bowen's disease and bovenoid papulosis
  • – represented by papules and spots with a velvety and smooth surface. The color of the elements of the rash on the mucous membrane is brown or orange-red, and the lesions on the skin are brown-black or ash-gray.
    • Buschke-Levenstein's giant condyloma
  • is manifested by warty-like papillomas of small size, which tend to merge with each other, and form a lesion with a wide base.
    •  

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    Warts in the form of papules
  • – papular elements of the rash without finger-like protrusions, which are localized on the keratinized epithelium of the lateral region of the vulva, perineum, pubis, outer layer of the foreskin, perianal region, scrotum, body of the penis.
    • Pinal warts
  • – finger-like protrusions on the surface of the mucous membranes and skin, which have a loop-like or variegated pattern. Appear at the entrance to the vagina, perineum, in the anal area, on the inner layer of the foreskin, on the outer opening of the urethra, on the head of the penison.
    • Spotted lesions
  • – spots on the skin or mucous membranes of the genital organs, which have a different color.
    • Principles for the diagnosis and treatment of anogenital warts

To confirm the diagnosis, as well as to identify the HPV genotype,

molecular biological methods

.

Papillomavirus infection: the right treatment tactics will prevent cancer Treatment consists of the use of substances such as

podophyllotoxin

. But, it is important to know that podophyllotoxin is not used in the treatment of anogenital warts on the mucous membrane of the vagina, cervix, urethra and on the mucous membrane of the rectum.

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Modern approaches to the treatment of warts: the most effective methods Substances such as

1.5% solution of zinc chlorpropionate, imiquimod, interferons

are also used. Of the Physical Methods applies:

electrocoagulation;
  • radiosurgical destruction;
  • cryolysis.
    • In case of extensive lesions against the background of the growth of Buschke-Levenshtein giant condylomas,
surgical

treatment.

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