Itching of the skin is one of the most common peculiar sensations that occur under the influence of various factors. There is no single point of view regarding the specificity of receptors that objectify the sensation of itching. Most researchers agree that the feeling of itching and pain is perceived by the endings of unmyelinated nerve fibers from the dermo-epidermal zone and transmitted to the cortical centers of the brain. At the same time, scientists do not deny the participation of tactile and tactile receptors in this process. What are the causes of itchy skin?
Causes of itchy skin and its types. Concept of dominant
Itching can act both as a symptom of various dermatoses and somatic pathologies, and as an independent disease that is part of the group of neurodermatosis. The mechanism of itching is not fully understood. It is known that in patients suffering from pruritus, histamine, bradykinin, enkephalin, opiate proteins and many other various pruritogens, including enzymes, accumulate in the skin in large quantities. These substances ultimately cause itchy skin.
With long-term itching, a dominant is formed in the cerebral cortex - a focus of pathological excitation, stereotyping of nervous processes occurs, and itching turns from a defensive reaction into a standard reaction to various external stimuli.
Morphological changes that form on the skin in the form of scratching-excoriations, which subsequently turn into lichenification, lead to a change in the sensitivity of peripheral receptors, a decrease in the itching perception threshold and the formation of limited neurodermatitis. Read more on estet-portal.com for common causes of itchy skin in women. There are physiological and pathological itching.
Characterization of the types of itching. Causes of itchy skin:
- Physiological itching, mild and short-lived, occurs as a response of the skin to adequate environmental stimuli, including prolonged tissue pressure, friction, crawling insects, and other factors.
- Pathological itching. The occurrence of pathological itching is associated with somatic pathology or dermatosis. At the same time, it becomes more intense, accompanied by deep skin lesions, proceeds in the form of paroxysms with severe neurotic disorders, inadequate reactions, and sleep disturbance.
Causes of itchy skin in the anorectal region
Anal itching can be primary or secondary, acute or chronic. The cause of itching of the skin of the anorectal region depends on many factors. So, diseases of this area in the form of anal fissures, fistulas, hemorrhoids, proctitis, hypertrophy and inflammation of the anal papillae, chronic proctosigmoiditis, perianal warts, leukoplakia, sphincter dysfunction, purulent xxxx> hydradenitis, accompanied by severe itching. Pathological processes occurring in this area are caused by changes in pH to the alkaline side, an increase in residual nitrogen, irritation of the nerve receptors of the perianal region and the onset of itching.
Special attention should be paid to atopic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, lichen planus, helminthiases, scabies, phthiriasis, fungal infections, xeroderma, characterized by a persistent course and accompanied by intense itching.
The causes of secondary itching of the skin lie in somatic diseases or dermatosis. Thus, a violation of the functional and peristaltic activity of the large intestine creates conditions for the retention of feces and additional infection of the prostate.
Itching of the perianal region may occur with benign or malignant prostatic hyperplasia.
The main causes of itchy skin in women
In patients with infectious diseases of the urogenital tract (chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis, herpes infection, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, syphilis), especially in recurrent course, there are significant changes in the intestinal microbiocenosis, which are accompanied by pronounced sensations of itching, burning and are caused by the action of bacterial toxins, as well as directly intestinal mucus on the nerve endings of the perianal region.
Gynecological pathology (colpitis of various etiologies, bacterial vaginosis, vulvar kraurosis, leukoplakia), as well as pregnancy, menopause are often accompanied by itching of varying intensity. The cause of itchy skin during pregnancy is cholestasis. Itching due to cholestasis can also develop in women taking oral contraceptives. In some cases, the cause of itching of the skin of the external genital organs in women is associated with neurotrophic and hormonal disorders.
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