What will you do if you witness an accident? How will you behave in case of frostbite, what first aid will you provide if a person has arterial bleeding as a result of an injury? What about venous? Are you sure that you can even distinguish them in a stressful situation? What kind of gastric lavage can be dangerous and what needs to be done so that a person does not choke on vomiting? Do you think you know everything? Feel free to read this article. Estet-portal promises you will learn a lot of new information about proper first aid. You may have come across this information before, but if not, why risk your health and safety?
"Whatever you do with a man, he stubbornly crawls into the cemetery…" (Mikhail Zhvanetsky)
Practically every one of our people has some knowledge of first aid. — writes professional rescuer Ilya Boyko. Alas, in most cases this set of knowledge is a porridge of stereotypes and rumors, and the application of this porridge in practice is not only useless, but also dangerous. For example, everyone knows that a splint should be applied to a fracture. And most imagine this tire as two or three sticks, ideally — pickets from the fence with the remains of traditional painting. When the need arises to help, for some reason it turns out that a person is not at all happy when they try to straighten his broken arm and leg and tie him to a stick.
And all because the fracture must be fixed in the position that is most comfortable for the victim. The limb is usually half-bent. Like this. Did you know about it? I hope so.
And therefore, you will laugh at the ten most common incorrect stereotypes of first aid listed below, as if it were a well-known thing. Or think. Or remember.
1. Die yourself, and rescue a comrade
This stereotype is firmly driven into the heads of the older generation by films, books and simply by the ideology of the Soviet era, which desperately glorified heroism and self-sacrifice. No doubt — these qualities are important, valuable and sometimes even necessary. But in real life, on the street, in the city or in nature, following the learned rules can cost the life of both the hero and the rescued.
A simple — The car crashed into a power line pole. The driver sits inside unconscious, he is not afraid of the current. And suddenly a hero rushes to his rescue. He runs to the car without seeing the wire, and once — one more injured. Next - another hero, then — a couple more… and here we have a car with a live driver, surrounded by a bunch of heroic bodies that did not have time to call rescuers and an ambulance. Of course, there was a hype in the press, a rally with posters "How long?!" In short — mess, why? Because our heroes didn't know one simple rule — first determine what threatens you, and only then — what threatens the victim, because if something happens to you,
Assess the situation, call 01 and refrain from extreme heroism if possible. As cynical as it sounds, one corpse is always better than two.2. Obtain by any means
Let's continue the theme of roads and accidents. You won’t believe how common the following scenario is in our country: an ambulance and rescuers arrive at the scene of the accident, and the victims have already been removed from the wrecked cars, laid in the shade and given some water to drink. At the same time, voluntary rescuers pulled people out of the cars by the arms and legs and, in addition to the injuries already received, caught up with a couple more completely harmless ones, such as a deformity of a broken spine. So if a person sat in the car, waited for help, the specialists would carefully dismantle this car, put him on a stretcher and hand it over to the doctors. Six months in the hospital — and back on your feet. And now no. Now — lifelong disability. And it's not all on purpose. All out of a desire to help. So — no need. No need to pretend to be rescuers.
The actions of witnesses to an accident are as follows: call for help, turn off the battery of the emergency vehicle so that spilled gasoline does not flare up from an accidental spark, fence off the accident site, stop the bleeding of the victim (if any) and until the doctors arrive, just with a person… speak. Yes, yes, psychologically support, distract, encourage, joke in the end.
The wounded must feel that he is being cared for. But dragging a person by the arms and legs from a car is possible only in one case — when the possible consequences of transportation will be less than its absence. For example — when the car caught fire.
3. Tongue to collar
Remember that tale? There is a pin in the army first aid package, and you need it in order to pin the tongue of an unconscious person to his own collar — so that it (tongue) does not sunk and does not block the airways. And it happened, and they did. Nice picture — like this to wake up from a faint, but with the tongue out? Yes, in an unconscious state, a person always sinks his tongue. Yes, this needs to be borne in mind and dealt with. But not in the same barbaric way! By the way, have you ever tried to get a tongue out of a person's mouth? Not? Try it. You are waiting for the opening — it turns out to be soft, slippery and does not want to remain stretched out. And it's unhygienic.
To free the airways from a sunken tongue, the person simply needs to be turned to one side. All — airway open.
So, by the way, it is recommended to do with all the drunkards you know and don't know who sleep on the street. Lay it on its side — and nothing, oversleep. But if he fell asleep lying on his back, then two dangers threaten his life at once: suffocate from the retraction of the tongue and choke on vomit.
And if for some reason it is impossible to sideways (for example — a suspicion of a spinal injury, in which it is generally dangerous to move a person once again), just tilt his head back. That's enough.
4. Neck tourniquet
By the way, this is quite possible. A tourniquet is applied to the neck, but not just like that, but through the hand. But it's not about that. Our people have a quivering and tender relationship with the tourniquet. It is in every first aid kit, and therefore, with any heavy bleeding, citizens rush to burn. At the same time, some even remember that in summer a tourniquet can be applied for two hours, and in winter for one. And they know that venous blood is darker in color than arterial blood. But it often turns out that for some reason, a deep cut that is not the most life-threatening is burned, so much so that upon arrival at the hospital it turns out — a bloodless limb can no longer be saved.
Remember — tourniquet is used only to stop arterial bleeding.
How to tell it apart? Well, certainly not the color of the blood. Firstly, shades of red are not always distinguishable anyway, and then there is a stressful situation. It's easy to make a mistake. However, it is arterial bleeding that you can easily recognize. If we translate our typical pressure of 120 to 80 into atmospheres, we get somewhere around 1.4. That is — almost one and a half. Now imagine that water flows from a narrow tube through a small hole under pressure of one and a half atmospheres. Have you figured out what kind of fountain will be? That's it. It is by the pressure and height of the fountain of blood that arterial bleeding is unmistakably recognized. And here you can’t hesitate, life leaves a person with every second. So no need to look for a tourniquet or rope, take off your belt. Immediately quickly pinch, even with your finger. Where? In places, where the arteries are closest to the surface of the body and are less covered — groin, armpits.
Your task — press the artery, wait for the bleeding to stop, and only then attach the tourniquet in place. And hurry to the hospital.
By the way, the tourniquet is applied to the clothes so that it can be seen. It is better to write a note with the time of applying the tourniquet with a … on the victim's forehead. So there is more chance that the information will not be lost, and the poor fellow will surely forgive you this body art.
But venous bleeding — even very abundant — better to stop with a tight pressure bandage. It does not matter if it is soaked through with blood — put another layer on top. This, among other things, will allow the doctor to assess the severity of blood loss by the thickness of the bandage.
5. We will oil the burn
Imagine that we are 80% water, which, in addition to other properties, also has a heat capacity. What is our burn, given these data? A certain amount of heat enters the skin and from its surface goes deeper into the tissues of the body, which readily accumulate the joules they have inherited. What does banal logic tell us? In order to remove the joules back and stop overheating, it is necessary to cool the burn site. After all, right? And just like that.
We pour cool water on the burn and wait.
But we are waiting, as it turns out, not enough. As a rule — until the pain syndrome softens or disappears, that is, less than a minute. During this time, only part of the joules comes out, while the rest sit, hiding, and wait for developments. How do we develop events? We thickly smear the burn area with panthenol, cream, kefir or according to grandmother's recipe — oil with salt. What's happening? Above the place where the notorious joules still walk in the tissues, an airtight pillow is created from a substance that closes their way out. As a result — the burn only gets worse. But if you had the patience to stand under water for another 10-15 minutes, it would be a completely different conversation. And panthenol, and other means would begin to work with the damaged area of the skin, from under which all the heat has already been removed.
6. Rub his ears
One of the threats of winter time — frostbite. Faced with him many — ears and nose become white, lose sensation, but if they are rubbed with hands or snow, they quickly turn red, and then pain comes. Why does it hurt so much? Yes, because our body (sorry for the simplification) — this is a system of tubes and wires, where the first — blood vessels, and the second — nerve endings. In the cold, the tubes freeze, blood does not circulate through them (hence the white color), the wires become tanned, and all this becomes brittle. And we begin to grind. And we crush and break small tubes, wires, causing serious damage to the body. After all, even a bottle of beer, frozen in the freezer, can burst with a sharp transfer to heat. And the tender vessels… Therefore — no need to rub.
We need to warm up slowly. Cool or slightly warm water. Then the consequences of frostbite will not be so deplorable, and the pain when the sensitivity returns is not so strong.
7. Chills — let's warm up
Remember how it used to be when the temperature was high — he is hot, but shivering. The whole body is trembling, I want to lie down in a ball under a warm, warm blanket and warm up & hellip; And after all, they went to bed, and even warmed up later, and did not know that warming up in such a situation was not only harmful, but deadly.
It's very simple — chills at high (>38) temperature indicates only one thing. The fact that the temperature continues to rise and the body overheats. He needs to cool down, and instead we wrap ourselves up warmly, cover ourselves with blankets, put on heating pads.
As a result of — a personal thermos in which the body heats up more and more. In the saddest cases, the temperature flew over 41, and then there were already irreversible processes leading to death. Infrequently, but it happened. So remember — at high temperature and chills, it is not necessary to wrap up. Need to cool down.
Cool bath, light coverlet, wet wipe… anything, just to give the body the opportunity to dump excess heat. Rest assured — so the high temperature will be tolerated and will pass much easier.
8. Jar of potassium permanganate
So. Did your parents know that manganese crystals completely dissolve in water only at a temperature of about 70 degrees? Did they know that to body such a solution is not only pointless (it is not necessary to drink antiseptics in order to immediately give them back), but also dangerous, since an undissolved potassium permanganate crystal can cause a lot of trouble in the gastric mucosa?
No need to waste time and chemicals — to cleanse the stomach, it is enough to drink 3-5 glasses of plain warm water and induce vomiting.
9. Let's knock-clap
The man is choking, poor fellow, and coughing so hard that his heart breaks. What are the people around doing? Naturally, they help him — thump on the back. But why are they doing this? From a scientific point of view, such blows irritate the place where the foreign body is located even more, the cough reflex intensifies in the choking person and the piece that has fallen into the wrong throat flies out by itself. Now imagine a drainpipe. We throw a cat there (it is clear that supposedly, we are not some kind of sadists) and begin to knock on the pipe with a stick (virtually). What do you think is the probability that the cat will jump out from the top of the pipe? The same with our piece of — in ninety-nine cases the person will clear his throat. But in one piece it will fall deeper into the respiratory tract with all the ensuing consequences — from the need for medical intervention to death from respiratory arrest. Therefore — no need to knock. Even if they ask.
It is much easier and safer to calm the person down and ask them to take a few slow, very slow breaths and sharp exhalations.
When exhaling, it is better to lean forward slightly — so that our downpipe moves from a vertical position to a horizontal one. Three or four such breaths — and coughing will intensify. The piece will fly in by itself, simply and safely.
10. Unclench his teeth
This is probably the most common and most legendary misconception that millions of people truly believe in.
This is the unshakable belief that a person who has had an epileptic attack needs to unclench his teeth and insert something between them. The beauty! And insert after all — trying at least. And later, when epileptics come to their senses, they are surprised to realize that their mouth is clogged with plastic from a gnawed fountain pen (at best) or fragments of their own teeth (at worst).
So: don't! Do not shove anything into a person’s mouth, it’s not sweet enough for him. You'll only make it worse. After all, what justifies such actions of goodwill? The fact that a person in a fit can bite off his tongue. Three times "ha"! For you to know — during an attack, all the muscles of a person are in good shape. Including the tongue, which, among other things, is also a muscle. It is tense and therefore will not fall out of the mouth and will not fall between the teeth. Maximum — the tip will be bitten. At the same time, there is not much blood, but, mixed with foamed saliva, it creates the appearance of unprecedented destruction — this is how myths about bitten off tongues are fueled. In general, do not meddle with your knives, forks, spoons.
If you really want to help, kneel at the head of the epileptic and try to hold it, the head, so that it does not hit the ground.
Such blows are much more dangerous than a hypothetical bitten tongue. And when the active phase of the attack passes — convulsions will end, — gently turn the person to one side, as he has entered the second phase — dream. It may not last long, but all the same, in this state, the muscles are relaxed and therefore there is a possibility of suffocation from the retraction of the tongue.
Such are the harsh realities of our unsafe life. It is advisable to learn them very well for yourself, because it is not for nothing that the most important medical law sounds like this: "Do no harm!" And it would be nice to observe the laws — we will be healthier. Sourced from fithacker.ru
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