The chief doctor-consultant of the clinics "German Dentistry" Moskalenko Alla Nikolaevna will talk about fillings and their types. 

Participated in more than 30 international practical conferences and master classes. She is the author of numerical publications in specialized publications and professional trainings on the artistic modeling of dental restorations.

Moskalenko Alla Nikolaevna

Doctor of the highest category

Dentsply Trainer

PhD

Main areas of work: aesthetic and pediatric dentistry, endodontics and microprosthetics.

Light polymers - what is the basis of

The main feature of light polymers is the adhesive system, which allows the filling to be securely fixed and held in the tooth. The light polymer hardens only under the rays of a lamp of a special spectrum. This is what allows the dentist to deftly form the desired seal. This is a huge plus, because they can be placed on various surfaces of teeth, restore cracked fragments or damaged surfaces, and also betray the desired shade.

Also in the dental community, fillings made of glass ionomer materials take pride of place. It is a new generation material with strength, durability, high level of resistance to food, drink, etc., excellent aesthetic effect.

Don't forget about the attractive and valuable material – gold. Such fillings serve people for more than one year, because, according to dentists, they are one of the best in terms of durability and quality. This filling can serve more than 15 years, the material is not felt in the mouth, it is well perceived by the tooth and gums. The only downside – the cost, and in order to install a gold filling, several visits are required.

The price of a gold filling is almost equal to the price of a porcelain filling, which is an inlay in itself. To install such a filling, you first need to make it in the laboratory and only then fix it on the tooth. The filling will last for a long time, plus it is dye-resistant.

For modern permanent fillings, the following materials are used:

• amalgams
• cements
• composite materials
• commers
• ormokers

Compomers

In terms of its properties, this material is a kind of mixture of cement and a hybrid composite. They are characterized by high strength, excellent adhesion, compatibility with dental tissues, and they also have a beneficial effect on the accumulation of fluoride in dental tissues. Today, it is compomers that are considered the best filling material.

Composite materials (composites)

Composites are a mixture of particles suspended in a matrix. There are 3 classes of composites: macrophiles, microphiles and hybrids. Macrophiles consist of large coarse particles that provide high damage resistance, hardness, but poor adhesion. Microfilaments, on the contrary, are perfectly fastened, but due to the small size of the particles, they are not sufficiently hard and strong. 

#opros#

Hybrids contain particles of small and large size, therefore this type of composites is widely used for all types of filling and restoration work. According to the method of curing, they are divided into 2 types: light-cured and chemically cured.

Ormokers

Ormokers have an inorganic-organic network structure formed during the polycondensation process. Ormokers have a backbone that consists of SiO2 and organic groups that are suitable for polymerization. As a result, a three-dimensionally bonded polymer – ordermaker – organically modified ceramics. It is characterized by better biocompatibility and low shrinkage. In addition, it should be noted excellent color fastness, polishability, strength and safety. Orcomer is currently one of the most common filling materials.

Amalgam

Amalgam – an alloy of mercury and metal, one of the most durable materials that has been successfully used for over a hundred years. There are two types of amalgams: copper and silver. Silver is more popular and widely used in all countries of the world. Silver amalgam contains mercury, silver, tin, zinc, etc. Silver gives strength, tin – prevents the hardening process, copper increases strength. Among the advantages of amalgam, it is worth noting hardness, reliability, plasticity, lack of discoloration (discoloration), it is not subject to corrosion and destruction. The disadvantages are that the percentage of thermal conductivity is quite high, it does not attach well, it contains mercury.

We have received letters about the adverse effects of amalgams, precisely because of the fact that mercury is one of the components of the material. Well, discussions on this topic have not stopped since this filling method was invented. Yes, mercury is released from the tooth and enters the body, but even if there are 7-9 such fillings in the oral cavity, the released mercury will not at all exceed the maximum allowable dose.

Source estet-portal.com