Diabetes mellitus — one of the most common endocrine diseases on the planet — due to insulin deficiency and increased blood glucose, which leads to metabolic disorders.
There are two types of this disease — insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent. If the treatment of type II involves the stabilization of carbohydrates, then the main goal in type I diabetes — minimizing fluctuations in blood glucose. This can be achieved with the help of a special diet that prevents glucose spikes and in some cases helps to reduce the drug load.
Fractional meals control insulin levels in the blood
Diagnosis of diabetes and its further treatment involves a special diet. In a mild or moderate form of the disease, the so-called "Table No. 9" is prescribed, which helps to determine for each the restriction of fats, the optimal amount of proteins and carbohydrates.
Sugar for such patients is recommended in minimal quantities, and in a complex form of the disease is prohibited. All kinds of fats should also be strictly treated, as they contribute to the development of the disease.
Food — fractional, every three to four hours, at least five times a day. This will help control your insulin levels and avoid a spike in blood sugar.
Among the products, in addition to "provocateurs", there is also a support group.
Antioxidants. Tomatoes, red peppers, broccoli, corn, nuts, spinach are especially useful. They are able to reduce the development of diabetes by more than 30%, and in case of its occurrence, they do not allow it to progress further.
Fiber and complex carbohydrates. Whole wheat, oats, legumes, vegetables, and fruits are slow digesting and help slow blood sugar levels up. That is why they must be in the diet of such patients.
Foods to Avoid in Diabetes:
- fatty meats, fish, poultry;
- raw smoked products;
- fat dairy products;
- canned vegetables and juices;
- flour products from high grades of wheat (pasta, pastries, muffins);
- semolina and white rice;
- alcohol.
High glycemic index foods are prohibited in diabetes
Foods with a lot of carbohydrates are especially dangerous. Their ability to be converted into glucose as a result of metabolism is indicated by a high glycemic index. It is typical for white bread, chocolate, bananas, pasta, white rice, semolina, etc.
But it is not worth it to completely abandon carbohydrates as the main energy suppliers. You just need to choose products where their content is less, and, accordingly, the glycemic index is an order of magnitude lower.
Low glycemic foods allowed for diabetes:
- bran bread;
- low-fat dairy products;
- beans, lentils;
- lean meats and fish;
- vegetables and fruits (unsweetened);
- pumpkin, mushrooms, nuts.
Features of nutrition of patients with diabetes: emphasis on vegetables and fruits
For patients with type II diabetes, although carbohydrates are not prohibited, they are still controlled. But the main emphasis is on vegetables and fruits. Meat and fish of low-fat varieties are allowed, but not more than 300 g per day.
For patients with type I diabetes, the diet should be made only by a doctor, taking into account the insulin administered. Such patients are strictly forbidden sweet foods. And the amount of carbohydrates (70-90 per meal) is calculated in the so-called bread units for each meal.
Despite such severe restrictions, this does not mean at all that the table of such patients is meager and lean. There are many recipes, thanks to which you can cook delicious and healthy dishes. Here are some of them.
Pumpkin Meatballs
- 400 g minced meat;
- 300 g diced pumpkin;
- 200 g grated pumpkin;
- 50 g green onions;
- 50 g tomato paste;
- 3 cups of water (broth);
- 3 Art. l. amaranth flour,
- 2-3 cloves of garlic;
- 1 onion;
- 1 st. l. tomato sauce;
- vegetable oil;
- spices (bay leaf, ground pepper and peas);
- salt.
Add chopped green onion and grated pumpkin to minced meat. Pour in the flour. Salt, pepper and mix. Form balls.
Prepare the sauce: fry the chopped onion in a pan until translucent. Add tomato paste, pour in the broth, mix everything and bring to a boil. Pour the pumpkin cubes and cook, without stirring, for 10 minutes, then add more broth and bring to a boil. Add spices, lower the meatballs and cook over low heat for 20 minutes. Salt, pepper. Add ketchup if needed.
Cauliflower Zrazy
- 500 g cauliflower;
- 4 st. l. rice flour;
- 1—2 eggs;
- a small bunch of green onions;
- sunflower oil;
- salt.
Divide the cauliflower into florets and boil, then chop. Add flour, salt. Prepare the filling by mixing chopped onion with a pre-boiled and chopped egg. Blind zrazy and fry until cooked on both sides.
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