Effective treatment of chronic urticaria depends on the correct diagnosis, since this disease can have an autoimmune origin, as well as be provoked by various infections, endocrine pathologies, tumors, and even nutritional supplements.

The prevalence of chronic urticaria (HC) in the population is 0.1. Most often, this pathology occurs at the age of 20-40 years. Long-term observations of such patients proved the autoimmune genesis of the disease. What are the likely causes of chronic urticaria?

Provoking factors and causes of chronic urticaria

The cause of chronic urticaria in lymphoproliferative diseases, connective tissue diseases, parasitic and viral infections may be the formation of antigen-antibody immune complexes, complement activation, formation of C3a and C5a, binding of the latter to tissue basophils and their degranulation. Read more about contributing factors and causes of chronic urticaria on estet-portal.com. Histopathological methods have shown that vasculitis is the underlying cause in 20–30% of patients with CU.

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The following contribute to the development of the urticaria syndrome:

  • infections (viral: hepatitis B and C viruses, HIV infection, infections caused by Epstein-Barr and Coxsackie A and B viruses; fungal: Candida albicans; bacterial: H. pylori; parasitic: giardia, helminthic infestations);
  • endocrine pathology (diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, ovarian dysfunction);
  • serum sickness;
  • autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic scleroderma, primary antiphospholipid syndrome);
  • disparaproteinemia (Schnitzler-HC syndrome with monoclonal IgM-gammapathy);
  • tumors (Hodgkin's lymphoma, leukemias, carcinoma of the large intestine, rectum, liver, lung and ovary);
  • other diseases (sarcoidosis, amyloidosis);
  • food additives (colorants, preservatives, emulsifiers).

Chronic urticaria may be caused by an autoimmune process

The autoimmune genesis of the disease confirms the known high prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with chronic urticaria.

According to American researchers, thyroid function (increase or decrease in thyroid-stimulating hormone) is impaired in 19% of patients with chronic urticaria.

The level of antibodies to thyroglobulin is increased in 8% of patients, to thyroid peroxidase - in 5%, and an increase in the level of both antibodies was noted in 14%. Overall, elevated levels of antithyroid antibodies occur in 27% of these patients, suggesting an autoimmune process as a possible cause of chronic urticaria.

Identification of the relationship of CC with Helicobacter pylori infection and autoimmune diseases allows us to establish that in almost 50% of cases.

It has also been found that 29-46% of patients with CU have functional autoantibodies to the high-affinity IgE receptor and in 5-10% of cases to IgE antibodies themselves, which cause degranulation of mast cells. The formation of autoantibodies is due to genetic factors, and the hyperreactivity of mast cells in the skin is considered a transient phenomenon, since their state returns to normal when the disease is in remission.

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Thus, the cause of chronic urticaria can be both pathologies of other body systems, and an autoimmune process.

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