One of the most urgent problems in modern dermatology is acne or acne, which is a disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles, the functioning of which is associated with the influence of many factors. According to the literature, acne ranks third in the structure of dermatological diseases.
Find out in the article on estet-portal.com what mechanisms of the pathophysiological development of acne can be affected by azelaic acid as a topical treatment for this pathology.
- Age-related features of the development of acne
- The leading mechanisms of the formation of inflammatory elements of acne
- The place of azelaic acid in the treatment of acne
Age features of acne development
In a cohort of people of adolescence and young age, the frequency of acne is significantly higher than the average, reaching 80-90%; while clinically significant forms account for 15%.
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Clinical signs of acne most often begin to appear at the age of 12-14 years, and the peak incidence occurs:
- for girls - age 14-17;
- in young men - age 16-19, after which regression occurs.
. Self-esteem and self-perception in a peer group are especially acutely perceived during the onset of acne vulgaris, which can lead to neurotic disorders.
Read also:Can probiotics improve skin condition At the same time, the problem of acne and its cosmetic consequences also worries older people. Studies have found that
after 25 years, acne occurs in 11% of people, then the frequency decreases to 8-3%. The leading mechanisms of formation of inflammatory elements of acne
Thanks to fundamental research, it was possible to elucidate the mechanisms of acne development: four
main interrelated mechanisms: play a leading role in the pathogenesis of acne 1) androgen-induced hyperproduction of sebum, associated with an increase in the levels of androgenic hormones, an increase in the activity of the 5α-reductase enzyme, and an increase in the sensitivity of androgen receptors on the surface of the sebaceous gland;
2) increased proliferation of follicular keratinocytes with impaired differentiation, which leads to follicular hyperkeratosis and further comedo formation;
3) colonization of sebaceous hair follicles by Propionibacterium acnes,
4) the development of inflammation and its spread.
A significant role in the development of acne is assigned to the influence of opportunistic and pathogenic microflora;
it is believed that it is the opportunistic microflora that is the trigger mechanism for the infectious and inflammatory process of the skin.Follow us on
Facebook! The skin has a certain protective barrier due not only to the integrity of the cover, but also due to the composition of sebum, which is
determining for the formation of microbiocenosis. The secret of the sebaceous glands is a favorable environment for the reproduction of P. acnes, and reducing the level of unsaturated fatty acids weakens the bactericidal properties of sebum.
Read also:Metabolic Syndrome and Skin Hypersensitivity Bacterial lipases cause hydrolysis of sebum with the formation of free fatty acids, the excess of which is a trigger factor for hyperkeratosis and comedo formation, followed by the formation of acne.
Most researchers consider Propionibacterium acnes to be a pathogenetically significant causative agent of inflammatory forms of acne vulgaris.
These bacteria are most often found in the excretory duct of the sebaceous gland. Recently, the role of yeast-like fungi Malassezia in the occurrence of
elements of acne has also been noted. The place of azelaic acid in the treatment of acne
The choice of tactics for the treatment of acne should take into account the leading pathogenetic links of the disease, the features of the clinical picture and the severity of the disease.
The correct assessment of the severity of the clinical manifestations of acne (mild, moderate and severe) allows you to determine the optimal treatment tactics:
-
in mild forms of acne, in most cases, it is sufficient to use rationally selected external therapy and preventive measures in the form of cosmetic skin care; -
For more severe forms of dermatosis, topical therapy remains an essential adjunct to systemic therapy, which allows for shorter treatment times.
Read also:Effectiveness of tranexamic acid in the treatment of melasma Among the large number of topical acne treatments, azelaic acid preparations occupy a leading position. Azelaic acid is a dicarboxylic acid, the advantage of which in the treatment of acne
is its effect on the leading pathogenetic links in the occurrence of the disease. Specifically, azelaic acid:
- blocks the enzyme 5α-reductase;
- normalizes keratinization processes;
- has a bacterio- and fungistatic effect.
Since azelaic acid has an antiproliferative effect on keratinocytes and causes a moderate cytostatic effect (due to inhibition of cellular protein synthesis), this manifests itself in the form of
normalization of hair follicle keratinization processes, as well as slowing down the formation of fatty acids that contribute to acne .Read also:
How do diseases of the digestive tract affect the skin Azelaic acid has an antibacterial effect, primarily against Propionibacterium acnes, which are involved in the formation of inflammatory acne, as well as against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, etc.
The antibacterial effect is manifested both on the surface of the skin and in sebaceous glands. Unlike topical antibiotics, long-term use of azelaic acid does not develop resistance of microorganisms, and, therefore, it retains its effectiveness for a long time. More useful information on our
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