Filler injections are generally completely safe provided that the injection technique and other mandatory conditions for injection procedures are followed. However, now and then there are reports of complications resulting from the introduction of fillers.
According to experts, no one is immune from undesirable consequences that may occur after the so-called beauty injections, although some of these phenomena – for example, skin necrosis, scarring, or even vision loss – relate to very serious consequences, and any doctor strives in every possible way so that they do not come.
Read about the mechanism of development of such complications after the introduction of fillers and ways to prevent their development at estet-portal.com.
Serious complications of fillers and their causes
The most dangerous complication associated with the introduction of fillers is occlusion of the ophthalmic artery, which can almost immediately cause irreversible loss of vision, although this type of complication is considered quite rare.
No less dangerous is arterial or venous occlusion, leading to ischemia and skin necrosis – Fortunately, this complication is also rare. A serious complication after the introduction of dermal fillers can be cerebrovascular disorders. The formation of scar tissue in the area of filler injection is also likely.
The most common complications after filler injections are associated with the introduction of drugs such as calcium hydroxyapatite and hyaluronic acid – the most commonly used fillers in cosmetology, as well as the use of polymethyl methacrylate, silicone, polylactic acid and even the patient's own adipose tissue.
The cause of the impending occlusion may be an accidental hit with a needle and the introduction of a filler directly into an artery or vein, damage to the vessel, the concentration of the drug near the vessel with its external compression, the formation of edema in the area of drug administration. In any case, the development of complications requires immediate medical intervention.
When injecting fillers, the following areas on the face should be avoided:
- in the cheek area – facial, transverse, infraorbital arteries; buccal branch of the maxillary artery, zygomatic branch of the buccal artery;
- glabella – frontal and supraorbital arteries; there is insufficient collateral circulation and small diameter vessels, and therefore this is a very high risk area;
- forehead area – angular and external nasal arteries;
- the area around the lips – superior and inferior labial arteries;
- temporal area – superficial temporal artery, its posterior parietal and anterior frontal branches.
Symptoms of the development of complications during the introduction of the filler and urgent measures
Skin color. If skin color changes – it turns pale or, on the contrary, darkens to blue, erythema, bruises appear, the patient complains of severe pain at the injection site of the filler – this means that vascular ischemia develops, leading to skin necrosis.
A symptom of retinal artery occlusion is a sharp pain in the eye area, dizziness and headache, nausea, immobility of the eyeball, dullness of vision, lack of pupillary response to light.
3D Lift technique for correction of the nasolabial fold and the middle third of the face.
What to do?
The main actions of the doctor in this case are to stimulate blood flow in the affected area
To do this, you can use:
- warm compress, application of topical circulatory agents,
- Massage of the filler injection area to dissipate it,
- taking aspirin, antibiotics as needed,
- hyaluronidase or corticosteroid injections (depending on the type of filler injected and its composition),
- with the threat of necrosis in the area of the lips – taking antiviral drugs.
Dublin protocol for the treatment of complications after fillers.
Laser procedures in the affected area, prescribed after three months, give a good effect. If the retinal artery is affected, then the loss of vision is usually irreversible.
How to prevent dangerous complications when injecting fillers
The main principles of working with dermal fillers, which help prevent the development of complications, are the doctor's compliance with the following rules:
- fillers should be administered in small doses with a small needle, taking into account their viscosity,
- constantly monitor changes in skin color and the level of pain of the procedure for the patient,
- Fillers should be injected only into the upper and middle layers of the skin, during the procedure, cover the adjacent vessel with the finger of the non-dominant hand,
- refrain from injecting painkillers near the vascular bundles to avoid their spasm,
- do not use epinephrine preparations so that the cause of skin pallor can be determined more quickly.
Bypassing Dangerous Zones: Filler Injection Points.
An aspiration test can be a preventive measure against vascular occlusion – when, after the introduction of the needle, before starting the supply of the filler, a slight reverse movement of the syringe piston is carried out. If there is no blood, the procedure continues.
The aspiration test helps prevent the injected filler from entering the vascular bed.
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