Migraine − a common relapsing disorder characterized by the development of headache due to increased excitability of the structures of the central nervous system and is accompanied by separate or combined neurological, gastrointestinal and autonomic changes. The prevalence of migraine is known to predominate among women.
Find out in the article on estet-portal.com what is the danger of migraine during pregnancy.
Specialities of migraine during pregnancy
In women of reproductive age, the incidence of migraine is about 25%. During pregnancy, in particular during the second and third trimester, the frequency of headache attacks may decrease.
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At the same time, episodes of headache can accompany the entire period of pregnancy and continue into the postpartum period. Pharmacotherapy of migraine consists in the use of paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or drugs of the triptan group, as well as the prophylactic administration of β-adrenergic receptor blockers, amitriptyline and calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonists.
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Impact of migraine during pregnancy
Pregnancy migraine has been known to be associated with adverse maternal and child outcomes, including the development of hypertensive disorders in pregnant women, low birth weight, and preterm delivery.
However, the relationship between the presence of migraine attacks in the mother and such features of the course of pregnancy and its consequences, such as placenta previa, gestational diabetes, miscarriage and the frequency of congenital malformations, has not yet been established.
Furthermore, associations between the presence of maternal migraine and early or late neonatal outcomes for the child have not been examined in detail. At the same time, given the high prevalence of migraine among women of reproductive age, an assessment of the impact of the presence of this pathology and treatment features is important, taking into account the consequences of pregnancy.
A study by scientists from the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, examined the relationship between migraine during pregnancy and the risk of its adverse effects on the mother and newborn, including early neonatal and separate postnatal neurological complications. In addition, it was studied the possible variations in negative effects depending on the characteristics of migraine therapy.
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Impact of migraine for mother and child
The study analyzed data from 22,841 pregnancies among women diagnosed with migraine (including 16,161 pregnancies resulting in live births), as well as 228,324 pregnancies in women with a history of migraine aggravated by the presence of migraine (of which 170,333 pregnancies culminated in the birth of live babies). Data on the course of pregnancies and anamnestic information was taken from the Danish population register (Danish population registries).
According to the results of the study, it was found that the presence of migraine in the mother is associated with an increased risk of developing hypertensive disorders in pregnant women and miscarriage. In addition, maternal migraine has been associated with low birth weight, preterm birth, and birth by caesarean section.
At the same time, there was no association between the presence of migraine in the mother and the low gestational age of newborns and congenital malformations.
In analyzing the consequences for newborns of mothers diagnosed with migraine, clinicians found that these infants were at increased risk of developing several complications in the early and late neonatal periods, including hospitalization in the intensive care unit, the development of respiratory distress syndrome and febrile seizures.
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At the same time, no relationship has been found between the presence of migraine in the mother and deaths for newborns or the development of cerebral palsy in infants.
Furthermore, pharmacotherapy for maternal migraine was not found to be associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes for mother and child compared with no treatment. According to the researchers, such results may indicate that the direct presence of pathology, and not the treatment caused by it, affects the development of certain complications of pregnancy and childbirth, as well as increased risks for the newborn.
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In discussing the study, clinicians noted that maternal migraine during pregnancy may indeed be a risk factor for some adverse outcomes for mother and child. However, treatment of this disorder even during pregnancy is warranted and may reduce these risks.
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