Dysuria - an alarming signal of the urinary system of the body

Dysuria is one of the most widespread syndromes in urology, the occurrence of which signals the presence of a pathological process in the urinary system of the body. Dysuria refers to all subjectively conscious violations of the act of urination, which relate to many of its components: the frequency of urination, speed, fullness, comfort, controllability and retention of urine.

Practicing urologists, as well as family doctors and therapists, face the problem of dysuria almost daily, which is why it is so important to know what diseases the appearance of dysuria can indicate.

Dysuria syndrome indicates a pathology in the lower parts of the urinary system

Various disorders of the act of urination, called dysuria, speak of a pathological process that develops primarily in the lower parts of the urinary system, which include the bladder, urethra, prostate gland and seminal vesicles. In clinical practice, dysuria is called frequent and painful urination, while the concept of dysuria includes conditions such as pollakiuria, nocturia, urinary retention, urinary incontinence, and others. A correct history and detailed information about which dysuric symptoms occur in a particular patient are important for a correct diagnosis.

Dysuria:

Physiology of urination: what you need to know about the process of urination;
what symptoms can cause dysuria syndrome.

Physiology of urination: what you need to know about the process of urination

Urination is a physiological, painless process of excretion of accumulated urine from the cavity of the bladder, which has a certain rhythm and the following characteristics:

normally, after the completion of the act of urination, there is practically no urine left in the bladder;
usually urination occurs about 5-6 times a day;
A healthy person does not wake up to urinate, or does so very rarely;
The urge to urinate occurs when the pressure inside the bladder increases due to the accumulation of urine;
if the daily diuresis is about 1.5 liters – the urge to urinate occurs when the bladder is filled with 200-250 ml;
A healthy person is able to suppress the urge to urinate for a long time, to empty the bladder at will at any time it is full, and to control the flow of urine by contracting the sphincter.

What are the symptoms of dysuria syndrome

Dysuria syndrome includes several main symptoms of urinary disorders, each of which indicates a particular pathology of the lower urinary system:

polyuria – This is the release during each act of urination of more urine than is normal. Severe polyuria occurs with diabetes and diabetes insipidus, after taking diuretics, as well as with urological pathologies that are accompanied by chronic renal failure;
pollakiuria – this is frequent urination, in which daily diuresis does not exceed normal values. This condition may be due to the intake of large amounts of fluid or diabetes. This symptom is also characteristic of cystitis, urethritis, bladder stones, narrowing of the urethra, or the presence of a diverticulum or bladder tumor;
nocturia – the occurrence of urge to urinate at night, which wakes the patient. Nocturia is often the result of chronic renal failure in the stage of compensation;
oligakiuria – rare urination, which occurs against the background of disorders of the bladder at the level of the spinal cord;
difficulty urinating – urine excretion occurs in a thin stream without pressure, does not increase with straining and leaves a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder. This condition often occurs with tumors, diverticula and stones in the bladder and urethra, as well as narrowing and strictures of the urethra;
stranguria – this is difficult, often and painful urination, most often occurring with pathological processes in the neck of the bladder, with prostatitis, cystitis, vesiculitis, or oncological processes in the bladder.

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