Pain and discomfort during menstruation: approaches to the treatment of dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea – it is pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen during menstruation. About 95% of women have suffered an episode of this pathological condition at least once in their lives.

In 5% of women, dysmenorrhea is so severe and severe that it can reduce the ability to work, quality of life, and even lead to neurotic spectrum disorders.

For more information about the pathogenesis of development and classification of dysmenorrhea, as well as modern therapeutic approaches to the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea, read on estet-portal.com in this article.

Dysmenorrhea: modern classification of the pathological condition

Distinguish between primary and secondary dysmenorrhea.

 

In primary dysmenorrhea, there are no pathologies from the female reproductive system, this condition is functional. Secondary dysmenorrhea occurs against the background of organic pathologies of the pelvic organs.

 

The most common symptom of dysmenorrhea is pain in the lower abdomen, which in many cases is accompanied by nausea and even vomiting. Less often, but quite often, women complain of general weakness, back pain, dizziness, headache and diarrhea.

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Clinical picture and pathogenesis of primary dysmenorrhea

In primary dysmenorrhea, pain usually occurs on the first day of menstruation, is localized in the lower abdomen, and can radiate to the lumbar region and thighs. It lasts about 24-48 hours, after which it disappears on its own. Primary dysmenorrhea is cyclical. The pathogenesis of this pathological condition is based on hyperproduction of prostaglandins of the uterine mucosa.

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These biologically active substances cause spasm of smooth muscles, reduce blood flow and lead to ischemic uterine pain. When released into the general circulation, prostaglandins also exhibit a systemic effect, thereby causing a feeling of general weakness, nausea, vomiting, headache and other symptoms.

Treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: current approaches and recommendations

Treatment of primary dysmenorrhea includes counseling the patient about the nature of the pain during menstruation, as well as prescribing her non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The latter inhibit the action of cyclooxygenase and, as a result, reduce the synthesis of prostaglandins.

The use of combined oral contraceptives may also be effective in managing the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea. Their regular intake contributes to a decrease in the thickness of the endometrium and, as a result, a decrease in the production of prostaglandins.

 

In the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea, combined oral contraceptives and analgesics can be combined.

 

It is worth making sure that the patient has no contraindications to the appointment of combined hormonal contraceptives. Hormonal intrauterine systems can be an alternative to tableted hormonal agents. At the same time, the local action of hormones practically does not cause systemic effects in the female body.

Thank you for staying with estet-portal.com. Read other interesting articles in the "Gynecology" section. You might also be interested in Oral contraceptives and beautiful skin – is there a dependency