Microorganisms − bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa are an integral part of the human body. Previously, it was believed that the microbiota is tens of times greater than the number of its own cells. Later it was proved that approximately 30000000000000 of the body's own tissue cells contain 39000000000000 microorganisms.
At the same time, the composition and amount of the latter can vary significantly depending on the state of intestinal function, hormonal activity (for example, vaginal microflora can vary significantly from the phase of the menstrual cycle) and many other factors.
Find out in the article on estet-portal.com what are approaches to determining the microbiota of the genitourinary system, and how this affects the main principles of treatment of common pathologies of these organs.
- The microbiome of the genitourinary system of a healthy person
- Approaches to eradication of the genitourinary microbiome
- Asymptomatic bacteriur safety studyii
The microbiome of the genitourinary system of a healthy person
It is important to know that the term "microbiota" refers to microbial diversity in the entire macroorganism, and the term "microbiome" refers to the totality of genes of all microorganisms.
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Until recently, it was believed that there should not be any microorganisms in the human urinary tract. But, with the advent of the latest research methods, views have changed significantly.
The US National Institutes of Health program was designed to comprehensively assess the human microbiome and analyze its role in maintaining human health and disease.
The identification of the urinary microbiota has opened up a new area of research to develop microorganism-specific therapies.
In the study of the human microbiome, the 16 gene sequencing methodS and expanded quantitative urine culture (expanded quantitative urine culture, EQUC) have become widespread.
EQUC − the latest culture method became the gold standard accurate bacterial species identification. It makes it possible to determine the nucleotide sequence of pure cultures of bacterial microflora.
Gene 16S rDNA − universal marker for species identification due to low variability and presence in the genomes of all prokaryotes.
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Using this method, it has been proven that bacterial microflora is present in the urine of healthy sexually active people under normal conditions. In a study by Kogan M. et al. it was shown that in men and women in the group of facultative aerobic bacteria clusters of coagulase-negative staphylococci and Corynebacterium spp. there are clusters of bacterium species of Lactobacillus spp. and Peptococcus spp. Approaches to eradication of the genitourinary microbiome
The results of the study immediately raised several questions for clinicians.
Is it necessary to fight the microflora in the urinary tract? And how doesantibacterial therapy affect the microflora of the urinary tract? There are already some answers to these questions. The presence of bacteria in the urine of people without any clinical and laboratory signs of infectious and inflammatory urological diseases is common and belongs to
commensal colonization.
In addition,
asymptomatic bacteriuria (BB) may protect against superinfections with virulent uropathogens, so BB treatment is recommended only if there is a proven benefit to the patient to avoid the risk of selection of resistant
characterizes the peaceful coexistence of pathogenic or conditionally pathogenic strains of bacteria and the host organism, in which both the virulence of bacterial strains and the response of the organism to them are reduced.
In a placebo-controlled study, the bladders of patients prone to recurrent urinary tract infections were treated with E. coli strain 83972, isolated from a patient with BD. The results of the study not only demonstrated how effective this type of treatment is, but also led to the conclusion that similar strains of E. coli can also prevent infection of the urinary tract by virulent and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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The need for treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria has been tested in several studies by Cai T. and col. comparing two different approaches to the treatment of women prone to recurrent urinary tract infections who had a BD between symptomatic episodes.
The patients were divided into two groups:
group A (n = 257) - patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria who did not receive antibiotic treatment;
Group B (n = 293) – patients receiving antibiotic treatment. 
, in particular derivatives of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin.
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So, some harm has been proven from treating asymptomatic bacteriuria
antibacterial drugsin the absence of genitourinary symptoms. More useful information on our YouTube channel
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