Nosebleeds are conditions that happen all the time. The son got into a fight at school, the husband hit himself in the process of repairing the tap, the grandmother's blood pressure rose – There can be many reasons why a nose bleeds, and every person must know how to stop a nosebleed.
Unfortunately, patients very often make mistakes when trying to stop nosebleeds on their own, which can have a very negative effect on the general condition of the body. What rules should be followed when trying to stop nosebleeds, and what tactics should doctors follow estet-portal.com.
Basic Rules for Stopping Nosebleeds
Medical tactics in stopping nosebleeds depend on its cause, duration, intensity and volume of blood loss. The main directions of the doctor's tactics in stopping nosebleeds are as follows:
- restoration of circulating blood volume;
- stopping nosebleeds that have already begun;
- prevention of recurrent nosebleeds.
In addition to the main ways to stop nosebleeds, which will be discussed in detail below, it is necessary to carry out symptomatic and hemostatic therapy. It is mandatory to prescribe vitamins K, solutions of aminocaproic acid and other drugs aimed at increasing blood clotting.
In case of massive nosebleeds, transfusion of blood components gives a good therapeutic effect, but this procedure must be treated with extreme caution. In addition, depending on the cause of bleeding, the patient should be given appropriate antihypertensive, sedative or other etiotropic therapy.
How to stop a nosebleed for minor bleeding
Absolutely every person must know how to stop nosebleeds at home. It must be remembered that only minor bleeding with a blood loss of no more than 50-100 ml can be treated outpatiently. In other cases, only a competent doctor should stop the bleeding from the nose. A small nosebleed will effectively stop a cotton ball soaked in a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution from being inserted into the nose for no more than 20 minutes.
In this case, the patient must be in a sitting position, it is strictly forbidden to tilt the head back, an ice pack can be applied to the nose. If, after removing the cotton ball, it was not possible to stop the nosebleed – necessary is the hospitalization of the patient in a medical institution, where he will be provided with qualified medical care.
How to Stop a Bleeding Nose in Moderate Bleeding
How to stop nosebleeds with more significant blood loss, that is, exceeding 100 ml., is the task of competent medical personnel. With moderate blood loss, that is, up to 300 ml, an anterior tamponade of the bleeding half of the nose is performed. There are several types of anterior tamponade, the most commonly used today is the anterior tamponade according to Mikulich.
The nasal mucosa is lubricated with a local anesthetic to prevent pain. The essence of the anterior tamponade is the loop laying of gauze turunda on the bottom of the nose from its entrance to the choana. With a special tweezers, the turunda is captured 6-7 cm from one of its ends, and inserted along the bottom of the nose to the choana, the next loop is similarly laid until the entire gauze swab is placed in the nasal cavity, and left there for 2-3 days . Anterior packing is effective in stopping moderate nosebleeds.
How to stop a nosebleed for severe nosebleeds
In case of especially severe nosebleeds, in which blood loss is more than one liter, a posterior nasal tamponade is performed. To do this, a thin rubber probe is passed through the corresponding nostril into the nasopharynx, which is removed through the mouth. A special tampon with three threads is tied to the end of this probe, which is pulled up with the help of a catheter and pressed against the corresponding choana.
One of the threads is left in the oral cavity and attached with a patch to the cheek – with its help, the tampon is removed after the blood from the nose is stopped. The other two threads are brought out through the nostril, anterior nasal tamponade is performed, and the threads are pulled tight and tied. The swab is left in the nasal cavity for 3-4 days. Thus, posterior tamponade can stop severe nosebleeds.
Other Methods for Stopping Nosebleeds
How to stop a nosebleed if all the above methods do not help? For this purpose, several other methods are used. The transmaxillary operation on the ethmoid labyrinth is effective, with the help of which the ethmoid cells are destroyed through the sinus of the upper jaw. Ligation of the external carotid arteries is also used through incisions along the anterior edges of the sternocleidomastoid muscles.
In case of especially severe nosebleeds, angiography is performed and, under the control of a special optical transducer, endocranial embolization of the bleeding vessel is performed. The answer to the question of how to stop nosebleeds can only be known by a competent and experienced doctor, especially in cases where the blood from the nose does not stop for a long time and the blood loss exceeds 100 ml.
Identification and elimination of the cause of nosebleeds will help to answer the question of how to stop nosebleeds as accurately as possible.
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