One of the most important tasks in the work of a cosmetologist – to separate the objective need of the client/patient from subjective requests. Taking into account this fact, Alexey Furman – The product manager of the innovative company Institute Hyalual, which always strives to offer effective tools to cosmetologists, proposes for consideration a biological mechanism and a possible way for the preventive correction of aesthetic defects, such as a decrease in skin turgor and elasticity, deterioration in complexion, the appearance of early wrinkles as objective problems of our clients.
Inflaming: inflammation and skin aging
Any a typical pathological process involves certain leukocytes in the focus of inflammation. If the inflammation has an acute phase, then the primary link is the diffusion of granulocytes; in the chronic phase – monocytes, tissue macrophages and lymphocytes [1]. However, the pronounced nature of activation is manifested in the presence of symptomatic signs pathological process, which is the principle of pathophysiology. However, the question arises where in this chain the cosmetologist can influence the patient's condition and how to delimit the area of responsibility of the dermatovenereologist and the cosmetologist.
In the presence of an inflammatory process, pro-inflammatory cytokines of various markers (TNF, IL-1 beta, IL-6, etc.) are involved, which, depending on the signaling level, trigger either the cell repair system or apoptosis. The actual issue of today is the definition of exactly the state when the first signs of the inflammatory process appear, which do not yet cause disease, but initiate the appearance of aesthetic signs of aging on the most complex and important organ for all of us – skin.
In 2014, Claudio Franceschi (C.Franceschi et al.) [2] proposed a new term inflammageing (“inflammageing”, from English – inflammation – inflammation; ageing – aging). According to the main features, inflaming differs significantly from acute inflammation: it is chronic, mild, asymptomatic and destructive. Inflaming is characterized by increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines NFkB, IL-1, IL-6, IL-18 and TNF-α.
Inflammation differs significantly from acute inflammation in its main features: it is chronic, mild, asymptomatic and destructive to skin cells
Sources and development of the first signs of inflaming
The source of inflaming, according to Rodier F. et al., can be viral etiology or release of organelles – degradation products of the cellular compartment "self-debris" (C.Franceschi et al.): ROS, intercellular ATP, fatty acids, fragmented hyaluronan residues, etc.
Some authors believe that the greatest contribution to the development of the first signs of inflamaging is made by mitochondria, or, to be more precise, by a violation of the functional activity of mitochondria. There are two processes:
- Violation of the electron transport system along the respiratory chain and the formation of free radicals. Normally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) occupy up to 5%. However, with an imbalance, the ratio increases, and at the same time, cytotoxicity, and, as a result, cell death occurs.
- Activation of aseptic inflammation during rupture of the mitochondrial membrane. This process activates plasma TLR receptors (toll-like receptors) with DNA. Moreover, bacterial DNA and DAMPs (damage associated molecular patterns [3]) have affinity for the same receptors. However, this is not the only protein that has similar activity to a bacterial cell. The release of formyl peptide (only characteristic of bacterial cells and mitochondria) also indirectly causes the activation of leukocytes and signals inflammation.
The greatest contribution to the development of the first signs of inflaming is made by the violation of the functional activity of mitochondria
Hyaluronic acid-based preparations in the fight against inflaming: important aspects
There is diversity in the global market for mesotherapy products preparations based on hyaluronic acid containing different molecular weights of the active substance. It is important to understand that the effect of restoring the intercellular space may be only one of the indications for the use of these drugs. From the point of view of molecular biology, the impact of low molecular weight (LMWHA) and high molecular weight (HMWHA) HAs have completely different and sometimes contradictory results.
Low molecular weight/fragmented hyaluronic acid acts on TLR-4 receptors [4]. Recall that it is the activation of this receptor that causes an immune response to damage factors with the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, triggering inflaming. At the same time, binding of HMWHA to CD 44 receptors can have a suppressive effect on transcription factors (factors that induce the inflammatory cytokine cascade) & nbsp; and thus reduce the level of inflammation [5], preventing the appearance of the first aesthetic problems of the skin.
Innovative redermalizant Xela Rederm: active skin protection against inflaming
The main concept of the Institute Hyalual – keep our customers young & nbsp; and preventively protect the skin from the first signs of aging.
Institute Hyalual has launched the Xela Rederm redermalizer in the European market, which is currently available in limited quantities in other countries.
Synergy of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid and sodium succinate to provide a complex effect in the dermis on the restoration of the intercellular space and the reduction of inflaming – the result of Institute Hyalual's innovative technologies.
Xela Rederm Premium Redermalizer – the result of a synergy of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid and sodium succinate to provide a complex effect in the dermis on the restoration of the intercellular space and the reduction of inflaming.
Sodium succinate, with its chelating effect on heavy metal ions, provides antioxidant protection, reducing the main source of inflaming – reactive oxygen species. Moreover, clinical observations confirm the effectiveness of Xela Rederm in antihyperpigmentation correction due to the justified active work of sodium succinate in conjunction with HA.
Of course, I would like to emphasize that in order to achieve maximum results, medical experts Institute Hyalual recommend resorting to course procedures from 3 and above.
Literature:
[1] Vinay Kumar MBBS MD FRCPath, Abul K. Abbas MBBS Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9e (Robbins Pathology): [30-31].
[2] Claudio Franceschi et al. Chronic Inflammation (Inflammageing) and its potential contribution to age-associated Diseases. [Biological Science 2014 Jun: 69].
[3] Qin Zhang et al. Circulation Mitochondrial DAMPs Cause Inflammatory Responses to injury. [Nature 2010 March 4: 104-107].
[4] Termeer C. et al. Oligosaccharides of Synovial Fluid. Clinic Exp. Rheumatol. [PubMed:117811369].
[5] Jamie E. Rayahin et al. High and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid differentially influence macrophage activation. [ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2015 Jul 13].
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