Nervous system lesions are manifested by the presence of eye symptoms. Any pathological process in the central nervous system is reflected in the visual apparatus. Neurological symptoms can be detected both during examination of the fundus and during an objective examination. About the symptoms that manifest themselves in pathologies of the central nervous system, read our article.
What eye symptoms are found in the development of meningitis?
Pathology of the bones of the skull manifests itself in the form of stagnation of the optic disc, as well as nystagmus and divergent strabismus. The symptom of glasses indicates a fracture of the base of the skull. It is manifested by the presence of hemorrhages under the conjunctiva and the skin of the eyelids of both eyes. Perhaps the appearance of a symptom of the upper orbital fissure, which manifests itself in the form of total ophthalmoplegia, ptosis and exophthalmos, impaired sensitivity along the trigeminal nerve. Let us consider in more detail the eye symptoms in pathologies of the central nervous system.
Ocular symptoms in cerebrospinal meningitis:
- retrobulbar optic neuritis;
- impaired pupillary reaction, more often paralytic immobility of one or both pupils;
- abducens nerve palsy;
- descending optic nerve atrophy.
Eye symptoms in lesions of brain tissue
Brain tissue lesions in syphilis and brain abscess, in addition to general specific symptoms, can be detected during examination of the fundus. With a brain abscess, the following eye symptoms are characteristic:
- bilateral development of optic disc stasis;
- presence of hemianopia;
- paralysis of the oculomotor and abducens nerves;
- violation of the reaction of the pupils in the form of mydriasis.
Abscess of the cerebellum is manifested by nystagmus. Brain abscess most often develops against the background of carious lesions of the teeth, that is, it has an odontogenic origin.
Ocular symptoms in the presence of cerebral syphilis
Syphilis of the brain has its eye symptoms:
- oculomotor nerve palsy;
- internal unilateral ophthalmoplegia (mydriasis and accommodation paralysis);
- presence of congestive discs and optic neuritis;
- homonymous hemianopsia.
Late neurosyphilis is manifested by Argyle Robertson's symptom, which looks like the disappearance of pupillary reaction to light along with the preservation of convergence and accommodation. There is a reflex immobility of the pupils and anisocoria. With syphilis, the field of vision narrows with further loss of vision and paralysis of the oculomotor nerve.
Ocular symptoms in multiple sclerosis, epilepsy and brain tumors
Multiple sclerosis presents with certain eye symptoms:
- constriction of visual fields;
- appearance of central cattle;
- blanching of the temporal halves of the optic discs;
- horizontal nystagmus;
- remitting visual impairment.
An epileptic attack is accompanied by constriction of the pupils, which dilate at the height of clonic convulsions. A differential diagnostic sign is the absence of pupillary reaction to light. An epileptic attack is always accompanied by a deviation of the eyeballs to the side or upwards.
The development of a brain tumor is manifested by the following eye symptoms:
- hemianopia;
- with tumors of the skull and cerebellum, congestive optic discs are observed;
- paralysis of the oculomotor muscles;
- optic neuritis or atrophy;
- an attack of neuralgia and headaches with pain points, which are localized at the exit points of the branches of the trigeminal nerve;
- development of neuroparalytic keratitis.
Thus, at an appointment with an ophthalmologist and a neuropathologist, it is possible to make a preliminary diagnosis of damage to the nervous system, which can improve the prognosis for the treatment of this pathology.
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