What are the causes of skin rash in children?

When a patient has a rash, it is not always easy for a doctor to make a diagnosis, even with the use of laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods. Many patients with skin rash are seen with an incorrect or unspecified diagnosis, receiving inadequate treatment. Skin rash is also common in children. The main thing in the treatment of any disease – is to identify the cause and eliminate it. So, it is necessary to establish the probable cause of a skin rash in children, if possible, at the first appointment with a pediatrician, but this is not always possible. How to diagnose if a child has a rash? Find out how to identify the cause of a skin rash in children at estet-portal.com.

Types and causes of skin rash in children

The diagnosis is based on examination and palpation of the skin. In this case, it is important not only to examine all areas of the skin, but also to recognize the identified elements. In diseases with skin lesions, it is necessary to identify the primary element of the rash, then clarify the nature of the distribution of other elements, which will help to identify the cause of the skin rash in children. Allocate primary and secondary elements of the rash.

The primary elements of the rash include:

• Stain
• Lump – dense infiltrative element located in the dermis and elevated above it.
• Bubble (bulla) – a large, round-shaped element that rises above the surface of the skin, containing liquid.
• Node – infiltrative dense element, which has an ovoid shape and is located in the deep layers of the dermis.
• Vesicle (vesicle) – superficial element with transparent serous contents.
• Abscess (pustule) – an element of different sizes, which will contain pus.
• blister (urt) – appears against the background of acute limitation of edema in the papillary dermis.

What can cause a spot on a child's skin?

A spot is a part of the epidermis that is on the same level as the skin and differs in color. Depending on the color, the spots may be erythematous, dyschromic, telangiectatic, and hemorrhagic. Causes of skin rash in children, read more on estet-portal.com. Erythema spots are the result of circulatory disorders and are found in inflammatory processes, infectious diseases, mental disorders, vasomotor processes. When pressed with a finger, they disappear.

Hemorrhagic spots, unlike erythema, do not disappear with pressure.

Telangiectasias on the skin appear as a result of persistent expansion of the superficial vessels of the skin with the formation of a vascular network or limited spots. Dyschromic spots are caused by a change in the amount of the skin pigment melanin.

The primary elements of a skin rash may be accompanied by secondary elements, which include: scales, abrasions, crusts, erosions, lichenification and scar.

What are the causes of skin rashes in children?

On examination, the doctor must not only distinguish the elements of the rash described above, but also understand what diseases they can be provoked by. Consider the pathologies under which the main elements of the rash occur.

Papular – squamous rashes (plaques and papules) with peeling may indicate such diseases:

• allergic contact dermatitis;
• atopic dermatitis;
• contact dermatitis;
• dermatophytosis;
• Pityriasis rosea;
• psoriasis;
• seborrheic dermatitis.

Vesicles, blisters and pustules occur in the following conditions:

• Congenital pathologies – epidermolysis bullosa, epidermolytic hyperkeratosis;
• Autoimmune – pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, acquired epidermolysis bullosa;
• Infectious – herpes simplex, impetigo, herpes zoster;
• Allergic – toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens syndrome – Johnson.

Papules around the hair follicles can be observed in such diseases: acne vulgaris, folliculitis, perioral dermatitis, rosacea.

Infiltrative and inflammatory processes in the subcutaneous tissue are observed in urticaria, sarcoidosis, erythema nodosum and granuloma annulare.

Palpable purpura is observed in hemorrhagic and allergic vasculitis, infectious processes. Purpura, which is not palpable, is found in thrombocytopenia, DIC – syndrome, and amyloidosis. Thus, it is possible to determine the possible causes of skin rash in children at the first examination, after which it is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.