The American Association of Plastic Surgeons has found that chinplants have recently become even more popular than breast augmentation. This applies to both injectable procedures and liposuction.
Restore Outline
Mentoplasty (genioplasty, chin surgery) – this is a single implant procedure: chin, jaw, nose and cheek implants are used to restore the contour and/or proportions of the face, as well as to recover from surgeries and injuries.
According to the American Association of Plastic Surgeons, implant procedures follow one basic pattern. An incision is made at the site where the implant will be placed (either in the crease or inside the mouth where the gums meet the lip) and a small "pocket" is created. An implant is placed there and sutured.
Implants are often sewn in parallel with other procedures such as rhytidectomy or rhinoplasty. Injectable soft tissue fillers are usually injected into the dermis layer. This method of administration allows the material to be better absorbed, thanks to the fibroblasts in the extracellular matrix and the dermal vascular network. Fillers are injected under the skin in cases where they would be palpable with a different injection.
The first procedures with implants were carried out at the end of the 19th century. Since then, a variety of materials have appeared to increase soft tissue and bone. The first successful implants were autologous implants such as cartilage and bone taken from other parts of the body. They are effective and can last for many years. Adipose tissue from other parts of the body is also used in practice, although, of course, only to replace soft tissues, and not bones. In the 1980s, the first collagen fillers appeared. They were developed from collagen sourced from closed herds of cattle and purified for human use. However, due to poor tolerability, their use was abandoned.
Examples of donated human origin facial enhancement materials are:
- Life Cells Cymetra, a micronized injectable form of human skin tissue;
- Inameds Cosmo Derm and Cosmo Plast, which are based on bioengineered collagen of one cell line;
- Biosystems Fasclan, consisting of fascia particles harvested from irradiated human femoral fascia.
It turned out that the implanted fascia lata is recognized by the body as foreign, and it, in turn, replaces it with "its own"; collagen, creating a vascularized layer of collagen that naturally restores the elements of the "native" fascia (recollagenization). Non-biological substances such as precious metals, paraffin wax and acrylic polymers, as well as animal-derived substances such as ivory, have also been used in the past as fillers or bone substitutes.
Suneva Medicals Artefill is often used for facial correction, consisting of microgranules of non-resorbable polymethyl methacrylate, 30-50 nm in diameter, suspended in a buffer gel aqueous carrier, consisting of 35% bovine collagen and 0.3% lidocaine. ;
Recently, synthetic polymers such as silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene and high density polyethylene have been used for facial implants.
Of course, silicone has long been widely used in medical devices.
In this context, silicone has the following advantages for use in implants:
- It can be produced in liquid (gel) and solid forms.
- The solid shape is easy to adjust during the insertion procedure.
- Easy to sterilize.
- Easy to remove if necessary.
- Silicone is relatively inexpensive.
PTFE Implants
Polytetrafluoroethylene – it is a synthetic polymer with a wide range of applications. It is biologically inactive and non-biodegradable, making it a good implant material. Teflon paste has also been used medically to treat problems with the vocal cords. One of these implants is the solid Gore-Teximplant, or Gore-Tex SAM (Subcutaneous Augmentation Material), which is available in prefabricated forms, however, it is possible to cut the desired shape of the implant during surgery, which can improve the results of nasal and chin reconstruction.
Most surgeons prefer to use Atrium Medical's ePTFE Advantaimplant products. The dual porosity of the Advanta implant includes a high porosity soft center surrounded by a smooth, medium porosity outer layer. This structure allows patients to rapidly grow collagen, leading to a more natural healing process.
Porous High Density Polyethylene (PHDPE) Implants
High Density Porous Polyethylene – it is another synthetic polymer used for restorative and cosmetic procedures. It is produced by heating small particles of high-density polyethylene, resulting in both a strong and durable material that can be softened with water. The best known of these materials is Medpor, which is sold in a pre-formed form and can also be shaped to suit a particular patient. It is used to increase the chin, as well as for other medical purposes. The advantage of the substance is also that after it there are practically no complications. Another type of this product is Ethicons Mersilene mesh, a non-absorbable polyester fiber having excellent tensile strength, durability and tolerance by patients, as well as due to good ingrowth into the tissue, it remains motionless and is not felt to the touch. It is also important that it provides a natural look.
Dermal Fillers
The third group of substances used for facial implants are natural substances, including hyaluronic acid and hydroxyapatite.
Source: estet-portal.com
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