Pyelonephritis (inflammation of the kidneys) is an infectious and inflammatory process that develops in the parenchyma (kidney tissue) and pelvicalyceal system. Pyelonephritis accounts for 14% of all urological diseases.
Varieties of inflammatory diseases of the kidneys
Principally, pyelonephritis is classified into acute and chronic.
Acute pyelonephritis (inflammation of the kidneys) is a rapidly developing and life-threatening disease. It is characterized by increasing serous-purulent inflammation in the kidney, leading to severe intoxication (poisoning of the body with infectious and other toxins). up to 390C with chills), severe general weakness, headache, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, bloating. In the absence of adequate treatment for inflammation of the kidneys, a picture of infectious-toxic shock may develop: a drop in blood pressure, loss of consciousness, tachycardia, pallor of the skin.
The main distinguishing feature of acute inflammation of the kidneys is the possibility of rapid progression with a fatal outcome. The reason for this is the peculiarities of the blood supply. 20-25% of circulating blood "passes" through the kidneys, therefore, in a situation where the kidney turns, in fact, into an abscess, there is a danger of generalization of inflammation (spread to the entire body).
What is the reason for the development of pyelonephritis
The cause of pyelonephritis is an infectious process in the kidney caused by bacteria. Pathogens (usually Escherichia coli - E. Coli) can enter the body in two main ways: from the lower urinary tract (for example, from the bladder with chronic cystitis) and from the blood (for example, if there is a source of infection somewhere - caries, tonsillitis, sinusitis, etc.). However, out of the blue, pyelonephritis (inflammation of the kidneys) develops extremely rarely. Most often, there are so-called "predisposing factors": urolithiasis, anomalies in the development of the genitourinary organs, the presence of narrowing of the ureters, prostate adenoma, etc.
If acute pyelonephritis is suspected, the patient should be immediately hospitalized in a specialized clinic.
Chronic pyelonephritis (inflammation of the kidneys) is a sluggish infectious and inflammatory disease characterized by damage to the tissue (panenchyma) and pelvicalyceal system of the kidney.
During the course of this disease, two phases can be distinguished. Remission - remission of the pathological process. An exacerbation is a manifestation of vivid clinical, laboratory and pathomorphological symptoms.
Chronic inflammation of the kidneys is usually based on two components: obstruction of the outflow of urine from the kidneys and the presence of a urinary tract infection.
Chronic pyelonephritis usually develops after acute pyelonephritis.
The main causes of chronic inflammation of the kidneys are as follows:
Unresolved urinary outflow disorder (acute pyelonephritis was treated with antibiotics, but the cause was not eliminated),- Incorrect treatment of acute pyelonephritis (insufficient duration of treatment, inadequate drugs),
- Chronic foci of infection in the body (tosillitis, caries, enterocolitis, etc.),
- Immunodeficiencies and metabolic diseases (e.g. diabetes mellitus).
- What is the danger of chronic pyelonephritis?
Chronic pyelonephritis is an extremely common disease. In adults, inflammation of the kidneys occurs in more than 200 people per 100 thousand of the population. At the same time, women suffer from this disease 4-5 times more often than men. Chronic pyelonephritis is the most common cause of chronic renal failure.
Chronic inflammation of the kidneys is a slow but dangerous disease. Its essence lies in the fact that as it develops (periodic activation and attenuation of inflammation), gradual scarring of the kidney tissue occurs. Ultimately, the organ is completely replaced by scar tissue and ceases to perform its function.
In the phase of remission, chronic pyelonephritis can proceed for years without clear clinical symptoms. In the initial phases of inflammation of the kidneys, patients may periodically notice a slight malaise, an increase in body temperature to subfebrile values (up to 37.5 degrees), a decrease in appetite, increased fatigue, mild dull pain in the lumbar region, pallor of the skin. In the analysis of urine, there is a moderate increase in the number of leukocytes, bacteriuria. With the further development of inflammation of the kidneys, the described complaints progress. Impaired kidney function leads to thirst, dry mouth, the formation of an increased amount of urine, nighttime urination. In laboratory tests, the density of urine decreases. As the pathological process deepens in the kidneys, nephrogenic arterial hypertension develops (increased pressure), which is characterized by a special "malignancy": high diastolic pressure (more than 110 mm Hg) and resistance to therapy. In the final stages of the disease, symptoms of chronic renal failure are noted.
A separate nosology is "asymptomatic bacteriuria" - a situation where there are no clinical and laboratory symptoms, but an increased number of bacteria is detected in the urine. In such a situation, the likelihood of developing a manifest urinary tract infection against the background of hypothermia, a decrease in general immunity and other provoking factors is increased. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is a reason to consult a urologist and find out its causes!
The so-called "pyelonephritis of pregnant women" is of particular danger. Its essence lies in the fact that the enlarged uterus compresses the ureters and the outflow of urine is disturbed. Against this background, the development of severe forms of pyelonephritis is possible, the treatment of which is very difficult, since most antibiotics are contraindicated during pregnancy. In this regard, pregnant women need constant monitoring of urine parameters. And if pyelonephritis (inflammation of the kidneys) occurs, it is often necessary to install internal ureteral stents that drain urine from the kidneys.
How is pyelonephritis treated
Treatment of pyelonephritis consists primarily in eliminating its cause - the underlying disease (urolithiasis, ureteral strictures, prostate adenoma, etc.). In addition, adequate antimicrobial therapy is needed, based on urine culture and determination of the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics. There are a number of additional treatments for kidney inflammation.
What you need to remember about pyelonephritis
The patient must understand that chronic pyelonephritis is a "gentle killer" of the kidneys. And if you do not fight him, he will certainly lead to the hemodialysis unit. Modern methods of treating inflammation of the kidneys can effectively prevent the development of this disease.
According to http://www.uroportal.ru/
Unfortunately, many people do not even realize that their sexual problems are not a matter of whispering with a friend or discussing with a sex therapist, but a reason to go to an aesthetic medicine clinic and without much difficulty - and most importantly, quickly and forever - get rid of these problems. Modern medicine has many different opportunities to improve the intimate health of patients, make their sex life brighter and richer: