Why does an acute abdomen occur in gynecology: causes and symptoms

Acute abdomen in gynecology is a collective concept that characterizes all pathological gynecological conditions that require emergency medical care. An acute abdomen often occurs in patients who already have a diagnosed medical pathology, but are not rationally dealing with the issue of its treatment. Almost all gynecological diseases with timely diagnosis and effective treatment can be eliminated without bringing the process to an urgent state. When it occurs and what symptoms an acute abdomen manifests itself in gynecology - estet-portal.com tells in detail.

What are the symptoms of an acute abdomen in gynecology

Acute abdomen in gynecology is a collective term for all acute pathological processes in the abdominal cavity associated with the pathology of the female reproductive organs. The concept of an acute abdomen in surgery generally implies acute diseases of all organs of the abdominal cavity, and the clinical picture in the event of an acute abdomen is quite characteristic. Nevertheless, an acute abdomen in gynecology has its own specific symptoms, the appearance of which, in combination with a correctly collected anamnesis, makes it possible to suspect a gynecological pathology.

Acute abdomen in gynecology:

• causes of acute abdomen in gynecology;
• what are the symptoms of an acute abdomen in gynecology;
• diagnosis of acute abdomen in gynecology: basic methods.

Causes of acute abdomen in gynecology

All pathological conditions of the organs of the female reproductive system, which can lead to the occurrence of an acute abdomen in gynecology, can be conditionally divided into three large groups:

1. Acute intra-abdominal bleeding: the cause of their occurrence may be a disturbed intrauterine pregnancy or ovarian apoplexy.
2. Violation of the circulation of the internal genital organs of a woman: this occurs when the legs of tumors and ovarian cysts are twisted or torsion and necrosis of myomatous nodes.
3. Acute inflammatory processes: this category includes inflammatory diseases of the internal genital organs, in which the peritoneum is involved in the pathological process.

What are the symptoms of an acute abdomen in gynecology

Regardless of what specific gynecological pathology provoked the occurrence of an acute abdomen in gynecology, a fairly characteristic symptomatology of this condition occurs:

• pain syndrome: pain occurs acutely, suddenly, against the background of complete health. Patients can often even indicate the time of onset of the pain syndrome. The pain is localized more often in the lower abdomen, intensifying over time and spreading to the entire abdomen. The intensity of pain can be very different: from minor discomfort to severe pain that causes fainting. Often the pain in an acute abdomen in gynecology radiates to the rectum;
• nausea and vomiting;
• disorders of stool and intestinal gases, rarely diarrhea;
• symptoms of peritoneal irritation.

Diagnosis of acute abdomen in gynecology: basic methods

Diagnosis of an acute abdomen in gynecology is not difficult, since the patient's characteristic complaints already indicate the development of an acute condition. In order to clarify the pathology of which particular organ or structure of the small pelvis caused such symptoms, it is necessary to conduct additional studies. It is very important to collect the patient's gynecological history correctly. The following points need to be clarified:

• when the pain syndrome appeared, what localization, duration, intensity and irradiation does it have;
• whether there were symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, defecation disorders, etc. in parallel;
• whether the patient's body temperature increased;
• what is the day of the patient's cycle, when was the last menstruation;
• what methods of contraception does the patient use;
• were there any discharges from the genital tract, if so, it is necessary to clarify their nature;
• whether the patient was diagnosed with any gynecological pathology, how long ago.

Additional laboratory and instrumental research methods, such as ultrasound, radiography, tomography, and so on, help clarify the diagnosis and identify the true cause of an acute abdomen in gynecology.

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