It has been established that allergic dermatoses belong to the group of multifactorial diseases with a tendency to severe chronic course with frequent relapses and resistance to treatment. The main reasons for the rapid growth in the number of allergic diseases, modern researchers call the consequences of anthropogenic pollution of the environment; the use of highly allergenic plant and animal foods, as well as self-medication, against which patients create an additional load on the liver, which reduces its functionality for the transformation of synthetic drugs and additional "allergization"; patient.
Find out in the article on estet-portal.com about the main causes, as well as the tactics of a cosmetologist in the event of an allergic reaction during the procedures.
- true and symptomatic allergic reactions
- induced development of an allergic reaction
- nature of the allergen and mechanisms allergic reactions
True and symptomatic allergic reactions
An allergic reaction is understood as manifestations of increased sensitivity of the body's immune system to an allergen (antigen) upon repeated contact with it.
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This is clinically manifested by damage primarily to those tissues of the body through which the allergen penetrates: & nbsp; the mucous membrane of the bronchi, alimentary canal, nasal cavity, skin.
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It is important to remember that in addition to a true allergic reaction, its manifestations can be symptoms of an infectious lesion of the body. Antigens of some microorganisms and intestinal parasites have an adjuvant effect on IgE-dependent immune responses, and their toxinscontribute to hyperproduction of IgE and increase the readiness of the patient's body for a hyperergic reaction to antigenic load.
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Given the foregoing, the study of the mechanism of action of infectious agents, including Giardia, on the course of allergic skin diseases is very relevant. In this case, the patient has an increased amount of Ig-E in the blood, like true allergies. Therefore, if a patient comes to a dermatologist or allergist who has begun to be disturbed by itching and urticaria, he does not have a family history and has not experienced such symptoms before, it is necessary to conduct a thorough survey for the presence of additional symptoms that may confirm the presence of an infectious process or be a manifestation of pseudo-allergy, which is associated with the use of certain histamine-liberator substances.<
Induced development of an allergic reactionUncontrolled intake of drugs (antibiotics, sulfonamides, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opiates, vitamins)
may induce the occurrence of urticaria, and some medicines for external use (neomycin sulfate, local anesthetics, antiseptics and etc.) may cause allergic contact dermatitis.
Therefore, before
carrying out any cosmetic procedures, the doctor must take an anamnesis for the presence of a chronic disease and the possible use of drugs in connection with this, which, with prolonged use, can increase "allergic readiness"; organism.
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In addition, recent studies indicate a significant role inthe development of allergic skin reactions of viruses (herpes simplex, Epstein-Barr, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B and C, etc.), bacteria (Streptococcus, Helicobacter, Pseudomonas, Mycoplasma), parasitic invasions (helminths and protozoa, in & nbsp;particularly Giardia).
The nature of the allergen and the mechanisms of allergic reactionsAllergens can be substances of various origins: from simple compounds to complex protein and protein-polysaccharide complexes of non-infectious nature (pollen, food, epidermal, insect, medicinal and industrial) and infectious nature (allergens of bacteria, viruses , fungi, helminths and protozoa).
Follow us on If a patientin the cosmetologist's office reports a history of an allergic reaction, it should be clarified if the patient has been screened for cross-reaction as many herbal ingredients that are found in cosmetic products can cause the release of histamine by the mechanism of the immune response to allergenic molecules similar in structure and function.
The most unusual cross-reaction is peanut and natural latex allergy, as they contain almost identical amino acids.The body's immune system implements humoral and cellular reactions as protective ones aimed at maintaining homeostasis, which in some cases can provoke damage to its own cells and tissues.
Such reactions are called hypersensitivity reactions, and according to the speed of development they are divided into reactions of immediate type and reactions of delayed type , according to the mechanism of development - IgE-mediated and IgE-non-mediated. The classification proposed in 1975 by P.Gell and R.Coombs remains valid, according to which 4 types of hypersensitivity are distinguished.
Allergic urticaria and Quincke's edema develop in an IgE-mediated, or reaginic, type.
Symptoms of anaphylactic shock — it is cold, pale skin, collapsed saphenous veins, hypotension, tachycardia, oliguria or anuria, involuntary stools and loss of consciousness. Therefore, with the development of a hypersensitivity reaction of the first type, the cosmetologist should call an ambulance and provide emergency medical care.
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Required: Assess airway patency, respiration, circulation, and consciousness, administer epinephrine (inject 0.3 mg: auto-injector, or 0.3 mg or 0.5 mg pen into lateral thigh (solution 1 mg/ ml, 0.1%, 1:1000), put the patient on his back with legs raised.
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According to type IV (delayed hypersensitivity), contact dermatitis develops. This is a chronic allergic disease. Therefore,if redness and itching appear on the topical use of cosmetic products, the cosmetologist may use local preparations containing glucocorticosteroids or consider the advisability of introducing H2-blockers (loratadine, edem, erius).
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