Selenium – a trace mineral that functions as a cofactor for the reduction of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase and some forms of thioredoxin reductase.
Selenium deficiency leads to degeneration, atrophy and cartilage necrosis. Because selenium is also needed to convert thyroxine, a deficiency can cause symptoms of hypothyroidism, including extreme fatigue, mental retardation, goiter, cretinism, and recurrent miscarriage.
According to the report, average intake of selenium is currently only 34mcg per day, with the recommended daily intake being 75mcg for men and 60mcg for women.
Article estet-portal.com will reveal all known functions of selenium, and will confirm the need for selenium in the form of food supplements and topical products in cosmetology.
The role of selenium in skin photoprotection
Topical application of selenium, in the form of selenomethionine, protects against acute skin damage following UV exposure. Selenite is a stronger selenide precursor than selenomethionines.
People with low selenium have a 4 times increased risk of developing skin cancer.
In fact, the HP family may be protective as these enzymes are able to detoxify hydrogen peroxide, lipid hydroxyperoxides and phospholipid hydroxyperoxides that are formed by ultraviolet irradiation.
120mg ascorbic acid, 30mg vitamin E, 6mg beta-carotene, 100mcg selenium, and 20mg zinc resulted in a 31% reduction in cancer rates and a 37% reduction in mortality in men.
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There are 5 selenium-containing GPs:
• GP-l is the most common member of this family and is present in all cells;
• GP-2 is found predominantly in the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract;
• GP-3 is present in plasma and milk;
• GP-4 (also known as phospholipid hydroperoxide) is present inside cells and catalyzes the reduction in the membrane of phospholipid cells. This enzyme has two special functions in the sperm: it is an integral part of the mitochondrial capsule, and it is dissolved in the chromatin sheath in the head of the sperm;
• GP-6 is present in the olfactory apparatus, but its function is currently unknown.
Men with acne have significantly lower GP levels. Taking selenium and alpha-tocopherol succinate leveled the acne problem throughout the entire treatment period.
2. Iodothyronine deiodinases catalyze the deiodination of thyroxine and triiodothyronine and thereby regulate the concentration of active thyroid hormone.
3. Thioredoxin reductases are flavin-containing selenoproteins that depend on reduced NADP, which in turn reduces thyrotoxin disulfide levels. Three isoforms have been identified: one is present in the cytosol, another in the mitochondria, the third – in the testicle.
4. Selenoprotein P. It is an extracellular glycoprotein backbone associated with endothelial cells.
Has many different functions:• One of the functions of selenoprotein P, which contains a large fraction of plasma selenium (about 45%), is to maintain normal neurological function.
• Another function of selenium is to help prepare the testicles for spermatogenesis.
• Selenoprotein P protects endothelial cells from reactive oxygen species caused by inflammation by metabolizing xenobiotics.
Selenium sulfide helps to destroy the fungi of the genus Malassezia in seborrheic dermatitis.
Thus, selenium is a necessary component of a number of biological isoenzymes, proteins and factors that protect the body from the damaging effects of oxygen free radicals and perform a number of other functions.
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