In the early twenties of the last century, American allergists AFCoca and RA Cooke, in order to describe an unusual type of hypersensitivity to various environmental substances, which was more common in families without obvious previous sensitization, turned to for help to the philologist M. Perry from Columbia University. He proposed the term "atopy", which means "out of place" in translation; or "weird".
Find out in the article on estet-portal.com what is the place in the structure of dermatological diseases in different countries is atopic dermatitis, as well as what mechanisms of disruption of the immune system have not yet resulted to a consensus on the classification of this pathology.
- The place of atopic dermatitis in the history of dermatological diseases
- Atopic dermatitis in the structure of skin diseases
- Peculiarities of functioning of the immune system in atopic dermatitiste
The place of atopic dermatitis in the history of dermatological diseases
For ninety years the term "atopy" has been used all over the world, although sometimes it becomes the subject of discussion. It should be noted that in the scientific medical literature for a long time as a synonym for atopic dermatitis the term "diffuse neurodermatitis" dominated.
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In pediatric practice, this symptom complex is sometimes described under the name "exudative allergic diathesis" or "atopic dermatitis of early childhood". For a long time there was no consensus on the classification of atopic dermatitis. This is evidenced by the wealth of historical synonyms for the name of this disease.
The European Medical School has long placed emphasis on the study of clinical symptoms, while the American Medical School has placed great emphasis on basic research, detecting the presence of reagins in the skin in skin tests.
Comprehensive skin care for atopic dermatitis in children
A compromise solution was proposed by dermatologists MB Sulzberger and F. Wise, who combined the childhood and adult phases of the disease with the term "atopic dermatitis". However, even today there is no single name for this dermatitis.
Thus, German dermatologists combine eczema and neurodermatitis into a group of so-called atopic or endogenous eczema. However, in most English-language specialized publications, in cases of clear signs of atopy in a patient and accepted diagnostic criteria, the term "atopic dermatitis"is used, regardless of the patient's ageand the clinical picture of the disease.
Atopic dermatitis in the structure of skin diseases
So, atopic dermatitis (AD) − this is a genetically determined disease that has a chronic relapsing course with a certain age dynamics, which is clinically manifested by primary itching, papules (in childhood − papulovesicles) and lichenification in combination with other signs of atopy.
AD is an extremely common dermatosis, often with a severe course. In the structure of skin diseases, the frequency of AD, according to various sources, ranges from 20 to 40%. Studies show that AD is more common in young adults than in adults.
Representatives of both sexes get sick, more often than women. Atopic dermatitis occurs in people all over the world and in all races. During the last decades the prevalence of the disease has increased significantly.
Skin and indigestion: what's the connection
Beginning in early childhood, atopic dermatitis can last for years in about half of the cases, sometimes aggravating, sometimes subsiding with a characteristic seasonal dependence. Various clinical manifestations in different age phases of AD create a mosaic of its clinical picture with a variety of factors that cause exacerbation and, importantly, lead to the formation of the so-called atopic personality with a pronounced, in many cases, psychosomatic component.
According to the opinion of domestic and foreign researchers, the basis of the etiopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is genetic predisposition to its development, which at different moments of the patient's life is realized through various trigger mechanisms and factors.
This propensity, which concerns primarily the functioning of the immune system, is mainly visualized by reduced T-suppression, which provides hyperactivity of T-helpers, which tend to differentiate in case of antigenic irritation into towards T-helpers of the second type, which eventually leads to one of the main signs of atopy − overproduction of IgE antibodies
Peculiarities of functioning of the immune system in atopic dermatitis
Features of functioning of the immune system of atopic patients are determined at the level of differentiation of subpopulations of T-lymphocytes. It has been proven that
antigenic stimulation of Th0 in ADleads to their differentiation more towards Th2 with their characteristic cytokine profile, providing the production of allergen-specific antibodies, in particular IgE. In the early stages of the formation of an inflammatory focus in atopic dermatitis, expansion or infiltration of Th2 is observed, while later Th1 begins to dominate.
Dry – No! Urea for moisturizing and restoring the skin Both of these clones are stimulated by IgE-bearing and antigen decoding dendritic cells, which is believed to lead to complex cytokine and mediator interactions and accordingly –
inflammation and itching, which are the main clinical characteristics of atopic dermatitis.
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