Dysmenorrhea refers to the pain experienced by women during menstruation. Most often they are localized in the lower abdomen, but can also spread to the hips and lower back, accompanied by weakness, nausea and vomiting.
In some cases, dysmenorrhea can be an independent functional disease (primary dysmenorrhea), but more often it indicates the presence of serious organic pathologies of the female reproductive system.
For more information about which gynecological diseases can lead to the occurrence of secondary dysmenorrhea, as well as modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of this pathological condition, read on estet-portal.com in this article.
Dysmenorrhea: modern classification of the pathological condition
Dysmenorrhea is subdivided into into primary and secondary depending on the cause of its occurrence. Primary dysmenorrhea is an independent functional disease that occurs due to hyperproduction of prostaglandins by the endometrium.
Secondary dysmenorrhea is not an independent disease, but a symptom of the presence of other pathological conditions of the female reproductive system.
Therefore, the appearance of signs of secondary dysmenorrhea in a woman indicates the need for further diagnostic measures.
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Clinical picture and causes of secondary dysmenorrhea
Characteristic for secondary dysmenorrhea is a change in the nature of sensations during menstruation: previously painless, menstruation suddenly begins to bring discomfort. In this case, the pain occurs at the beginning of the menstrual period or even precedes it and continues all the time until the bleeding disappears. This distinguishes it from the characteristic of primary dysmenorrhea.
In the latter case, the discomfort resolves on its own within the first 48 hours of menstruation.
Secondary dysmenorrhea is most common among women between the ages of 30 and 40.
The most common causes of secondary dysmenorrhea should be highlighted, such as adenomyosis, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, gynecological infections and the presence of an intrauterine system.
Diagnosis and treatment of secondary dysmenorrhea: modern approaches
In the diagnostic search for the causes of secondary dysmenorrhea, objective (gynecological examination), laboratory (general clinical tests, cytological examinations, laboratory identification of infections) and instrumental (ultrasound examination, laparoscopy) methods are used. Treatment for secondary dysmenorrhea depends on the cause of the symptom.
The choice of treatment tactics (conservative or surgical) for endometriosis and uterine fibroids depends on the severity of the disease in each individual case.
If a woman with secondary dysmenorrhea has an intrauterine system, it should be removed.
In addition, symptomatic treatment of pain in secondary dysmenorrhea with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and
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